Urban forest ecosystems, the structure, and functions therein are subjected to anthropogenic disturbances. Native and sensitive species from those forests might be lost due to such disturbances. At the same time, supplemented anthropogenic resources might create opportunities for exotic and invasive species. Although invasive species are considered one of the major threats to the urban biodiversity and ecosystems, the research on invasion dynamics in the Himalayas has primarily focused on the impacts of invasion on forest structure and productivity. This study aims to understand the influence of forest structure and anthropogenic factors in invasion success that are poorly covered in the existing literature. We selected 11 urban forest patches for the study considering the presence-absence of selected invasive species and structural attributes. We used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce co-linearity in the covariates and generalized linear mixed effects model (GLMM) to identify the factors affecting invasion success. We found that forest structural attributes, namely, tree diameter, height and canopy cover, and anthropogenic disturbances regulate invasion success in urban forests. This implies that maintaining urban forest structural attributes, especially the stands with large-sized trees, is essential to control invasion in the context of urbanization.

城市森林生态系统及其结构和功能受到人为干扰。由于此类干扰，这些森林中的本地和敏感物种可能会丢失。同时，补充的人为资源可能为外来和入侵物种创造机会。尽管入侵物种被认为是对城市生物多样性和生态系统的主要威胁之一，但对喜马拉雅山入侵动态的研究主要集中在入侵对森林结构和生产力的影响上。本研究旨在了解森林结构和人为因素对入侵成功的影响，这些因素在现有文献中很少涉及。考虑到选定入侵物种和结构属性的存在与否，我们为研究选择了 11 个城市森林斑块。我们使用主成分分析 (PCA) 来减少协变量中的共线性，并使用广义线性混合效应模型 (GLMM) 来确定影响入侵成功的因素。我们发现森林结构属性，即树木直径、高度和冠层覆盖率以及人为干扰调节了城市森林中的入侵成功。这意味着保持城市森林结构属性，特别是大乔木林分，对于城市化背景下控制入侵至关重要。和人为干扰调节城市森林中的入侵成功。这意味着保持城市森林结构属性，特别是大乔木林分，对于城市化背景下控制入侵至关重要。和人为干扰调节城市森林中的入侵成功。这意味着保持城市森林结构属性，特别是大乔木林分，对于城市化背景下控制入侵至关重要。