Introduction

In 2008, a conceptual model explaining the role of motor competence (MC) in children’s physical activity (PA), weight status, perceived MC and health-related fitness was published.

Objective

The purpose of the current review was to systematically compile mediation, longitudinal and experimental evidence in support of this conceptual model.

Methods

This systematic review (registered with PROSPERO on 28 April 2020) was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Separate searches were undertaken for each pathway of interest (final search 8 November 2019) using CINAHL Complete, ERIC, Medline (OVID), PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus and SportDiscus. Potential articles were initially identified through abstract and title checking (N = 585) then screened further and combined into one review (n = 152), with 43 articles identified for extraction. Studies needed to be original and peer reviewed, include typically developing children and adolescents first assessed between 2 and 18 years and objective assessment of gross MC and at least one other variable (i.e., PA, weight status, perceived MC, health-related fitness). PA included sport participation, but sport-specific samples were excluded. Longitudinal or experimental designs and cross-sectional mediated models were sought. Strength of evidence was calculated for each pathway in both directions for each domain (i.e., skill composite, object control and locomotor/coordination/stability) by dividing the proportion of studies indicating a significantly positive pathway in the hypothesised direction by the total associations examined for that pathway. Classifications were no association (0–33%), indeterminate/inconsistent (34–59%), or a positive ‘+’ or negative ‘ − ’ association (≥ 60%). The latter category was classified as strong evidence (i.e., ++or −−) when four or more studies found an association. If the total number of studies in a domain of interest was three or fewer, this was considered insufficient evidence to make a determination.

Results

There was strong evidence in both directions for a negative association between MC and weight status. There was strong positive evidence for a pathway from MC to fitness and indeterminate evidence for the reverse. There was indeterminate evidence for a pathway from MC to PA and no evidence for the reverse pathway. There was insufficient evidence for the MC to perceived MC pathway. There was strong positive evidence for the fitness-mediated MC/PA pathway in both directions. There was indeterminate evidence for the perceived MC-mediated pathway from PA to MC and no evidence for the reverse.

Conclusion

Bidirectional longitudinal associations of MC with weight status are consistent with the model authored by Stodden et al. (Quest 2008;60(2):290–306, 2008). However, to test the whole model, the field needs robust longitudinal studies across childhood and adolescence that include all variables in the model, have multiple time points and account for potential confounding factors. Furthermore, experimental studies that examine change in MC relative to change in the other constructs are needed.

Trial Registrations

PROSPERO ID# CRD42020155799.

中文翻译：

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透过镜子：纵向证据的系统回顾，为运动能力和健康提供新的见解

介绍

2008 年，发布了一个概念模型，解释了运动能力 (MC) 在儿童体力活动 (PA)、体重状况、感知 MC 和健康相关健康中的作用。

客观的

本次审查的目的是系统地汇编支持这一概念模型的中介、纵向和实验证据。

方法

该系统评价（于 2020 年 4 月 28 日在 PROSPERO 注册）是根据系统评价和元分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 声明进行的。使用 CINAHL Complete、ERIC、Medline (OVID)、PsycINFO、Web of Science Core Collection、Scopus 和 SportDiscus 对每个感兴趣的途径进行单独搜索（最终搜索 2019 年 11 月 8 日）。最初通过摘要和标题检查确定潜在的文章（N  = 585），然后进一步筛选并合并为一篇评论（n = 152)，有 43 篇文章被确定为提取。研究需要原创和同行评审，包括通常在 2 至 18 岁之间首次评估的发育中的儿童和青少年，以及对总体 MC 和至少一个其他变量（即 PA、体重状况、感知 MC、健康相关的健康状况）的客观评估. PA 包括运动参与，但运动特定样本被排除在外。寻求纵向或实验设计和横截面介导模型。通过将表明假设方向上显着阳性途径的研究比例除以检查的总关联来计算每个领域（即技能复合、对象控制和运动/协调/稳定性）在两个方向上的每个途径的证据强度那条路。分类为无关联 (0–33%)、不确定/不一致 (34–59%) 或正“+”或负“-”关联 (≥ 60%)。当四项或更多研究发现关联时，后一类被归类为强有力的证据（即++或--）。如果感兴趣领域的研究总数为三项或更少，则认为证据不足，无法做出决定。

结果

两个方向都有强有力的证据表明 MC 与体重状态之间存在负相关。有强有力的积极证据表明从 MC 到健康的途径和相反的不确定证据。从 MC 到 PA 的途径存在不确定的证据，而反向途径没有证据。MC 到感知 MC 通路的证据不足。有强烈的积极证据表明健身介导的 MC/PA 通路在两个方向上都存在。从 PA 到 MC 的感知 MC 介导的途径存在不确定的证据，并且没有相反的证据。

结论

MC 与体重状态的双向纵向关联与 Stodden 等人撰写的模型一致。（探索 2008；60(2):290–306, 2008）。然而，为了测试整个模型，该领域需要在童年和青春期进行稳健的纵向研究，包括模型中的所有变量、多个时间点并考虑潜在的混杂因素。此外，需要检查 MC 相对于其他结构变化的变化的实验研究。

试用注册

PROSPERO ID# CRD42020155799。