The leverage of invasive macroalgae, which represent a serious threat for autochthonous biodiversity, may smooth and mitigate their risk from an environmental point of view while providing an economic benefit. This work proposes the suitability of a closed loop biorefinery employing sustainable technologies (namely autohydrolysis, ultrasound assisted extraction, and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity) for the complete exploitation of the invasive brown macroalgae Sargassum muticum. In particular, sequential extraction methods allowed recovery up to 85% of fucoidan in the form of sulfated fucooligosaccharides in the liquid phase, besides increasing the phloroglucinol and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) content up to 9.73 g per 100 g of extract and 31.1 g per 100 g of extract, respectively. Additionally, extract-free Sargassum muticum presented a high enzymatic susceptibility at a high solid loading, implying a production of 15.6 g ethanol per L (91.9% of ethanol yield) in SHF, while the resulting spent solid provided a calorific power of 10.0 MJ kg⁻¹. This work verified the cascade biorefinery employing sustainable technologies as an appropriate strategy for the integral valorization of Sargassum muticum.

中文翻译：

---

马尾藻加工可持续技术评估：级联生物精炼计划

侵入性大型藻类的影响对本土生物多样性构成严重威胁，从环境的角度来看，可以在提供经济效益的同时平滑和减轻它们的风险。这项工作提出了采用可持续技术（即自水解、超声辅助提取和微波加氢扩散和重力）的闭环生物精炼厂的适用性，以完全开发侵入性棕色大型藻类Sargassum muticum. 特别是，连续提取方法可以在液相中以硫酸化岩藻寡糖的形式回收高达 85% 的岩藻依聚糖，此外还将间苯三酚和 Trolox 等效抗氧化能力 (TEAC) 含量提高至 9.73 g/100 g 提取物和 31.1 g分别为每 100 g 提取物。此外，无提取物的马尾藻在高固体负载下表现出高酶敏感性，这意味着在 SHF 中每升可生产 15.6 g 乙醇（乙醇产量的 91.9%），而产生的废固体提供的热量为 10.0 MJ kg ^-1。这项工作证实了采用可持续技术的级联生物精炼厂是一种适当的策略，可以使马尾藻整体增值。