Despite the recent developments in continental-scale streamflow and flood inundation modeling frameworks, effects of time-specific and spatially explicit storage-release dynamics of numerous dams and reservoirs remain underexplored. This paper fills this knowledge gap by directly inserting operational daily flow release data at 175 dam locations into a streamflow simulation of ∼1.2 million river reaches in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB), and therefore quantifying the effect of these regulations on streamflow and flood inundation extents. Using a streamflow routing model called the Routing Application for Parallel computatIon of Discharge (RAPID) and flood inundation mapping model called AutoRoute, two simulation scenarios were constructed respectively including and excluding the daily flow releases from those dams and reservoirs for a 10-year period (2005–2014). Flood inundation maps were simulated for peak flow conditions at a ∼10-m hyper spatial resolution. Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) values show that streamflow model performance considerably improved when reservoirs were included in the modeled system, varying from 2% in the eastern region to 380% in the drier western region. Despite small variation of streamflow model improvement with reservoir release inclusion in the eastern region of the basin, the flow model was able to better capture observed peak flows. For a 1% change in streamflow, we observe a 0.8% change in estimated flood inundation. Comparisons to three observed flood events in the MRB demonstrate that the flood inundation estimates improve when percent change in streamflow is relatively high. Overall, inclusion of reservoir release resulted in substantial improvement in continental-scale streamflow and flood inundation mapping.

中文翻译：

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在大陆尺度水文建模中直接集成大量水坝和水库出流

尽管大陆尺度的水流和洪水淹没建模框架最近取得了进展，但许多大坝和水库的特定时间和空间明确的存储释放动态的影响仍未得到充分探索。本文通过直接将 175 个大坝位置的运营日流量释放数据插入到密西西比河流域 (MRB) 约 120 万条河段的流量模拟中来填补这一知识空白，从而量化这些法规对流量和洪水淹没的影响范围。使用称为并行计算排放的路由应用程序 (RAPID) 的流路由模型和称为 AutoRoute 的洪水淹没映射模型，分别构建了两个模拟场景，包括和不包括这些大坝和水库 10 年（2005-2014 年）的日流量。洪水淹没图以~10 米的超空间分辨率模拟峰值流量条件。Kling-Gupta 效率 (KGE) 值表明，当水库包含在模拟系统中时，水流模型的性能显着提高，从东部地区的 2% 到较干燥的西部地区的 380%。尽管随着盆地东部地区的水库释放包含在内，流模型的改进变化很小，但流模型能够更好地捕获观察到的峰值流。对于 1% 的流量变化，我们观察到估计的洪水淹没变化 0.8%。与 MRB 中观察到的三个洪水事件的比较表明，当河流流量的百分比变化相对较高时，洪水淹没估计会有所改善。总体而言，将水库泄放考虑在内，大大改善了大陆尺度的水流和洪水淹没绘图。