A total of 138 pairs of slaughterhouse ovaries were collected from pregnant (n = 46) and non-pregnant (n = 92) she-camels. Oocytes (n = 150) and related granulosa cells (GCs) were retrieved from the growing follicles (3–8 mm) to study the effect of pregnancy status on the expression pattern of genes regulating follicles population and follicular fluid (FF) levels of estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4). The mRNA fold changes of STAR, PTEN, and BCL2 genes were greater (p < 0.001) in the GCs of pregnant vs. non-pregnant she-camels and in the oocytes of non-pregnant vs. pregnant she-camels. The mRNA fold change of IGF1 was higher in the GCs of pregnant vs. non-pregnant (p < 0.05) and in the oocytes of non-pregnant vs. pregnant (p < 0.01) she-camels. Although the mRNA fold changes of both BMP15 and STAT1 in the GCs did not differ between pregnant and non-pregnant, they were greater (p < 0.001) in the oocytes of non-pregnant vs. pregnant she-camels. The mRNA fold change of FOS was greater (p < 0.001) in both oocytes and GCs of pregnant vs. non-pregnant she-camels. The follicles population was smaller (p < 0.05), and the FF level of P4 was higher (p < 0.0001) in the pregnant vs. non-pregnant she-camels. The higher expression level of FOS (activator protein transcription factor) in both GCs and oocytes and lower expression level of STAT1 (activated signal transducer and activator of transcription) in the pregnant relative to non-pregnant she-camels could regulate the expression levels of other studied genes, thereby regulating the growing follicles population and their follicular fluid P4 concentration. Further studies are needed to investigate the interaction between the expression levels of both FOS and/or STAT1 (signaling pathways) and other candidate genes.

从怀孕 (n = 46) 和未怀孕 (n = 92) 的母骆驼中总共收集了 138 对屠宰场卵巢。从生长的卵泡（3-8 毫米）中取出卵母细胞（n = 150）和相关颗粒细胞（GC），以研究妊娠状态对调节卵泡数量和卵泡液（FF）雌激素水平的基因表达模式的影响(E2) 和孕酮 (P4)。STAR、PTEN 和 BCL2 基因的 mRNA 倍数变化在怀孕与未怀孕骆驼的 GC 中以及在非怀孕与怀孕骆驼的卵母细胞中更大 (p < 0.001)。IGF1 的 mRNA 倍数变化在怀孕与非怀孕 (p < 0.05) 和非怀孕与怀孕 (p < 0.01) 母骆驼的卵母细胞的 GC 中更高。尽管 GC 中 BMP15 和 STAT1 的 mRNA 倍数变化在怀孕和未怀孕之间没有差异，但在非怀孕与怀孕的母骆驼的卵母细胞中它们更大（p < 0.001）。FOS 的 mRNA 倍数变化在怀孕与非怀孕母骆驼的卵母细胞和 GC 中都更大 (p < 0.001)。怀孕与未怀孕的母骆驼的卵泡数量较小（p < 0.05），并且 P4 的 FF 水平较高（p < 0.0001）。与非妊娠母骆驼相比，妊娠母骆驼 GCs 和卵母细胞中 FOS（激活蛋白转录因子）的表达水平较高，STAT1（激活的信号转导和转录激活因子）的表达水平较低，可以调节其他母骆驼的表达水平。研究基因，从而调节不断增长的卵泡数量及其卵泡液 P4 浓度。需要进一步的研究来调查 FOS 和/或 STAT1（信号通路）与其他候选基因的表达水平之间的相互作用。