To improve the flame retardancy, mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy resin (EP), a novel two-dimensional (2D) supermolecule, melamine trimetaphosphate (MAP), is successfully synthesized using melamine (MA) and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) in aqueous solution. Its chemical, crystalline structure and thermal stability are thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), atom force microscope (AFM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Then EP-MAP composites are prepared, and their morphologies are assessed by SEM, thermal stability by TGA, fire retardancy by limiting oxygen index test (LOI), vertical burning standard test (UL-94), and cone calorimeter tests, mechanical properties by stress strain tests, and dielectric properties by impedance analyzer. The results show that the MAP layers are formed by a 3:1 combination of MA and STMP rings via intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The MAP sheets with a thickness of around 2 nm show high thermal stability. Compared to pure EP, the thermal stability of EP-MAP is improved, and EP-MAP composite can achieve 30.0% of LOI value and UL-94 V-0 rating with only 4% MAP. Meanwhile its peak of heat release rate is reduced by 65.6% and the smoke release is highly suppressed in the cone calorimeter test. The typical intumescent flame retardancy effect and phosphorus-nitrogen (P–N) effect during the combustion of EP-MAP are demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis of evolving products (TGA-FTIR). Due to the uniform dispersion of MAP in EP matrix, the mechanical and dielectric properties of EP-MAP are also significantly enhanced.

为了提高环氧树脂 (EP) 的阻燃性、机械性能和介电性能，在水溶液中使用三聚氰胺 (MA) 和三偏磷酸钠 (STMP) 成功合成了一种新型二维 (2D) 超分子三聚氰胺三偏磷酸 (MAP) . 通过傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR)、核磁共振 (NMR)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、原子力，对其化学、晶体结构和热稳定性进行了全面表征显微镜 (AFM) 和热重分析 (TGA) 技术。然后制备EP-MAP复合材料，通过SEM评估其形貌，通过TGA评估热稳定性，通过极限氧指数测试（LOI）、垂直燃烧标准测试（UL-94）和锥形量热测试评估其阻燃性，通过应力应变测试获得机械性能，通过阻抗分析仪获得介电性能。结果表明，MAP 层是由 MA 和 STMP 环通过分子间氢键以 3:1 的比例组合形成的。厚度约为 2 nm 的 MAP 片显示出高热稳定性。与纯EP相比，EP-MAP的热稳定性有所提高，EP-MAP复合材料仅需4%的MAP即可达到30.0%的LOI值和UL-94 V-0等级。同时，在锥形量热仪测试中，其放热率峰值降低了65.6%，烟气释放得到高度抑制。典型的膨胀型阻燃效果和磷氮（1 MA 和 STMP 环通过分子间氢键的组合。厚度约为 2 nm 的 MAP 片显示出高热稳定性。与纯EP相比，EP-MAP的热稳定性有所提高，EP-MAP复合材料仅需4%的MAP即可达到30.0%的LOI值和UL-94 V-0等级。同时，在锥形量热仪测试中，其放热率峰值降低了65.6%，烟气释放得到高度抑制。典型的膨胀型阻燃效果和磷氮（1 MA 和 STMP 环通过分子间氢键的组合。厚度约为 2 nm 的 MAP 片显示出高热稳定性。与纯EP相比，EP-MAP的热稳定性有所提高，EP-MAP复合材料仅需4%的MAP即可达到30.0%的LOI值和UL-94 V-0等级。同时，在锥形量热仪测试中，其放热率峰值降低了65.6%，烟气释放得到高度抑制。典型的膨胀型阻燃效果和磷氮（6%，并且在锥形量热仪测试中高度抑制了烟雾释放。典型的膨胀型阻燃效果和磷氮（6%，并且在锥形量热仪测试中高度抑制了烟雾释放。典型的膨胀型阻燃效果和磷氮（X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 和热重分析仪结合演化产物的傅里叶变换红外分析 (TGA-FTIR) 证明了 EP-MAP 燃烧过程中的P- N) 效应。由于 MAP 在 EP 基体中的均匀分散，EP-MAP 的机械和介电性能也显着增强。