Over the last decade there has been an explosion of interest in mindfulness-based self-help (MBSH) interventions. While widely available and extensively promoted, there is little consensus on their impact in public health or healthcare contexts. We present a systematic review and meta-analyses of 83 randomized controlled trials, comparing unguided MBSH to control conditions on outcomes of depression, mindfulness, anxiety, stress and/or wellbeing/ quality of life. A random effects model was used to compute post-intervention, between-groups effect sizes for each outcome. MBSH demonstrated small, statistically significant effects at post-interventions for outcomes of depression (g = −0.23), mindfulness (g = 0.37) anxiety (g = −0.25), stress (g = −0.41) and wellbeing/ quality of life (g = 0.34). Significant effects were retained at follow-up for mindfulness, stress and wellbeing/ quality of life but not for depression or anxiety. Planned moderator analyses demonstrated significantly larger effects of MBSH when compared to inactive, versus active-control conditions on all outcomes except wellbeing/ quality of life, and non-digital MBSH interventions demonstrated significantly greater effects on depression, mindfulness and wellbeing/ quality of life outcomes than digitally-delivered MBSH. When studies that utilised samples selected for mental and physical health-related difficulties were respectively compared to studies that utilised unselected samples, no significant moderation effects were observed. In sum, these findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of unguided MBSH in public health settings and the practical, access-related implications of this are discussed.

在过去的十年中，人们对基于正念的自助 (MBSH) 干预的兴趣激增。虽然广泛可用和广泛推广，但关于它们在公共卫生或医疗保健环境中的影响几乎没有共识。我们对 83 项随机对照试验进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，将无指导的 MBSH 与抑郁、正念、焦虑、压力和/或幸福感/生活质量的控制条件进行了比较。随机效应模型用于计算每个结果的干预后组间效应大小。MBSH 在干预后对抑郁 ( g  = -0.23)、正念 ( g  = 0.37) 焦虑 ( g  = -0.25)、压力 ( g = −0.41) 和幸福感/生活质量 ( g = 0.34）。在随访中保留了对正念、压力和幸福感/生活质量的显着影响，但对抑郁或焦虑没有影响。计划的调节器分析表明，与非活动条件相比，与主动控制条件相比，MBSH 对除幸福/生活质量之外的所有结果的影响显着更大，非数字 MBSH 干预显示对抑郁、正念和幸福/生活质量结果的影响显着更大比数字交付的 MBSH。当使用针对精神和身体健康相关困难选择的样本的研究分别与使用未选择样本的研究进行比较时，没有观察到显着的调节作用。总而言之，这些发现为未指导的 MBSH 在公共卫生环境中的有效性和实际应用提供了证据，