The oral microbiome is a community of microorganisms, comprised of bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa, that form a complex ecosystem within the oral cavity. Although minor perturbations in the environment are frequent and compensable, major shifts in the oral microbiome can promote an unbalanced state, known as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can promote oral diseases, including periodontitis. In addition, oral dysbiosis has been associated with other systemic diseases, including cancer. The objective of this review is to evaluate the epidemiologic evidence linking periodontitis to oral, gastrointestinal, lung, breast, prostate, and uterine cancers, as well as describe new evidence and insights into the role of oral dysbiosis in the etiology and pathogenesis of the cancer types discussed. Finally, we discuss how antimicrobials, antimicrobial peptides, and probiotics may be promising tools to prevent and treat these cancers, targeting both the microbes and associated carcinogenesis processes. These findings represent a novel paradigm in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer focused on the oral microbiome and antimicrobial-based therapies.

中文翻译：

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口腔癌和其他癌症的发病机制和治疗的范式转变集中在口腔和基于抗菌药物的治疗上

口腔微生物群是由细菌、真菌、病毒、古细菌和原生动物组成的微生物群落，它们在口腔内形成一个复杂的生态系统。尽管环境中的轻微扰动是经常发生且可以补偿的，但口腔微生物组的重大变化会促进一种不平衡的状态，即生态失调。生态失调会促进口腔疾病，包括牙周炎。此外，口腔生态失调与包括癌症在内的其他全身性疾病有关。本综述的目的是评估将牙周炎与口腔癌、胃肠癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌和子宫癌联系起来的流行病学证据，并描述口腔生态失调在癌症病因和发病机制中的作用的新证据和见解讨论的类型。最后，我们讨论抗菌剂如何，抗菌肽和益生菌可能是预防和治疗这些癌症的有前途的工具，针对微生物和相关的致癌过程。这些发现代表了癌症发病机制和治疗的新范式，重点是口腔微生物组和基于抗菌素的疗法。