Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome is associated with a variety of oral and systemic diseases, including periodontal disease. Oral dysbiosis in periodontal disease leads to an exacerbated host immune response that induces progressive periodontal tissue destruction and ultimately tooth loss. To counter the disease-associated dysbiosis of the oral cavity, strategies have been proposed to reestablish a “healthy” microbiome via the use of probiotics. This study reviews the literature on the use of probiotics for modifying the oral microbial composition toward a beneficial state that might alleviate disease progression. Four in vitro and 10 preclinical studies were included in the analysis, and these studies explored the effects of probiotics on cultured biofilm growth and bacterial gene expressions, as well as modulation of the host response to inflammation. The current molecular findings on probiotics provide fundamental evidence for further clinical research for the use of probiotics in periodontal therapy. They also point out an important caveat: Changing the biofilm composition might alter the normal oral flora that is beneficial and/or critical for oral health.

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有益于牙周健康的益生菌——目前的分子研究结果

口腔微生物群失调与多种口腔和全身疾病有关，包括牙周病。牙周病中的口腔生态失调会导致宿主免疫反应加剧，从而导致进行性牙周组织破坏并最终导致牙齿脱落。为了对抗与疾病相关的口腔生态失调，已经提出了通过使用益生菌来重建“健康”微生物组的策略。本研究回顾了有关使用益生菌将口腔微生物组成改变为可能减轻疾病进展的有益状态的文献。分析中包括 4 项体外研究和 10 项临床前研究，这些研究探讨了益生菌对培养的生物膜生长和细菌基因表达的影响，以及调节宿主对炎症的反应。目前关于益生菌的分子发现为进一步临床研究益生菌在牙周治疗中的应用提供了基础证据。他们还指出了一个重要的警告：改变生物膜成分可能会改变对口腔健康有益和/或至关重要的正常口腔菌群。