Construction industry is claimed to be the fourth most dangerous sector by number of fatalities. In complex construction sites, emergency evacuation risk assessment is a challenging task due to their ever-changing nature. This study developed a model to analyze the risk of fire emergency occurrence, and risks which are associated with evacuation performance (in response to that emergency) through an integrated approach in complex construction sites. To analyze the evacuation scenarios more realistically, we utilized Social Force Model (SFM) simulation engine. Using SFM for simulating the evacuation of complex construction sites has not been adequately addressed in the literature. Microscopically simulating the evacuation scenarios for all workdays of the studied complex project required high computation efforts. To tackle this computation challenge, a parallel computing technique was coupled with SFM simulation engine. More importantly, in this paper site’s evacuation performance was evaluated multi-objectively considering evacuation time and evacuation safety. The construction site’s emergency scenarios were modeled by 4D-BIM, potential for trigger fire emergency was determined by a fire ignition Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) module, and site evacuation was simulated by SFM simulation engine. The proposed framework handled the collaboration of 4D-BIM, fire QRA module, and SFM engine. This research study benefited from data driven from a real mega project. The findings demonstrated that analyzing the risk of evacuation through an integrated approach by the proposed model could render more realistic results. The results also provided the project managers with a reliable safety decision-making support.

据称，按死亡人数计算，建筑业是第四大危险行业。在复杂的建筑工地中，由于其不断变化的性质，紧急疏散风险评估是一项具有挑战性的任务。本研究开发了一个模型，通过复杂施工现场的综合方法来分析火灾紧急情况发生的风险以及与疏散性能（响应该紧急情况）相关的风险。为了更真实地分析疏散场景，我们使用了社会力模型 (SFM) 模拟引擎。使用 SFM 模拟复杂建筑工地的疏散在文献中尚未得到充分解决。对所研究的复杂项目的所有工作日的疏散场景进行微观模拟需要大量的计算工作。为了应对这一计算挑战，并行计算技术与 SFM 仿真引擎相结合。更重要的是，本文综合考虑疏散时间和疏散安全，对场地疏散性能进行了多目标评价。施工现场的紧急情况通过4D-BIM建模，触发火灾紧急情况的可能性通过着火定量风险评估（QRA）模块确定，现场疏散通过SFM仿真引擎进行模拟。提议的框架处理了 4D-BIM、火 QRA 模块和 SFM 引擎的协作。这项研究受益于一个真正的大型项目驱动的数据。研究结果表明，通过所提出的模型通过综合方法分析疏散风险可以提供更现实的结果。