Early childhood is a sensitive period for learning and social skill development. The maturation of cerebral regions underlying social processing lays the foundation for later social-emotional competence. This study explored myelin changes in social brain regions and their association with changes in parent-rated social-emotional development in a cohort of 129 children (64 females, 0–36 months, 77 White). Results reveal a steep increase in myelination throughout the social brain in the first 3 years of life that is significantly associated with social-emotional development scores. These findings add knowledge to the emerging picture of social brain development by describing neural underpinnings of human social behavior. They can contribute to identifying age-/stage-appropriate early life factors in this developmental domain.

中文翻译：

---

由内而外连接：婴幼儿社交大脑的发育，重点关注髓鞘形成作为大脑成熟的标志

幼儿期是学习和社交技能发展的敏感时期。社会处理背后的大脑区域的成熟为后来的社会情感能力奠定了基础。本研究探讨了 129 名儿童（64 名女性，0-36 个月，77 名白人）的社交脑区髓鞘变化及其与父母评定的社交情绪发展变化的关联。结果显示，在生命的前 3 年，整个社交大脑的髓鞘形成急剧增加，这与社交情绪发展得分显着相关。这些发现通过描述人类社会行为的神经基础，为新兴的社会大脑发展图景增加了知识。他们可以帮助识别这个发育领域中与年龄/阶段相适应的早期生活因素。