This article explains the extent to which Indonesia has international obligations to comply with the non-refoulement principle in the absence of ratification of the 1951 Refugee Convention. While Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 concerning the Treatment of Refugees provides the general impression that Indonesia respects the non-refoulement principle, there is no specific text within Indonesian law and policy that regulates the matter. This article argues that Indonesia is legally bound by non-refoulement obligations under international human rights treaties to which it is a party, as well as under customary international law. It examines the extent of Indonesia’s non-refoulement obligations under the Convention Against Torture, the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and customary international law. It concludes that the Presidential Regulation was a missed opportunity for Indonesia to reinforce its non-refoulement obligations, as illustrated by the recent treatment of Rohingya asylum seekers near Aceh.

中文翻译：

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弥合义务差距：印度尼西亚在 1951 年难民公约之外的不驱回责任

本文解释了印度尼西亚在多大程度上有遵守《公约》的国际义务不驱回1951 年《难民公约》未获批准的原则。虽然关于难民待遇的 2016 年第 125 号总统条例给人的普遍印象是印度尼西亚尊重不驱回原则上，印度尼西亚法律和政策中没有具体规定该事项的文本。本文认为，印度尼西亚受法律约束不驱回其加入的国际人权条约以及习惯国际法规定的义务。它考察了印度尼西亚的范围不驱回《禁止酷刑公约》、《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》、《儿童权利公约》和习惯国际法规定的义务。它的结论是，总统条例是印度尼西亚错失的机会，可以加强其不驱回义务，正如最近亚齐附近罗兴亚寻求庇护者的待遇所表明的那样。