Studies examining the potential effects of bilingualism on interference suppression show inconsistent results. Our study approaches this topic by distinguishing two potential subcomponents within interference suppression (i.e., Stimulus-Stimulus and Stimulus-Response conflict). We investigated the two subcomponents through their operationalisation in different tasks and examined the role of language proficiency in modulating it. A sample of 111 young adult participants performed four non-linguistic cognitive tasks measuring both visual and auditory domains of cognitive control. Bilinguals outperformed monolinguals in tasks involving Stimulus-Stimulus conflict, but showed comparable performance in tasks involving Stimulus-Response conflict. Specific effects of language proficiency on cognitive control were observed: group differences in auditory inhibition and visual orienting were only observed between high-proficient bilinguals and monolinguals. Taken together, types of conflicts involved in interference tasks and language proficiency could differentially affect performance in monolinguals and bilinguals.

检查双语对干扰抑制的潜在影响的研究显示出不一致的结果。我们的研究通过区分干扰抑制中的两个潜在子组件（即刺激-刺激和刺激-响应冲突）来处理该主题。我们通过它们在不同任务中的操作化研究了这两个子组件，并检查了语言能力在调节它中的作用。111 名年轻成年参与者的样本执行了四项非语言认知任务，测量认知控制的视觉和听觉域。在涉及刺激-刺激冲突的任务中，双语者的表现优于单语者，但在涉及刺激-反应冲突的任务中表现出相当的表现。观察到语言能力对认知控制的具体影响：仅在熟练的双语者和单语者之间观察到听觉抑制和视觉定向的群体差异。总而言之，干扰任务和语言熟练程度所涉及的冲突类型可能会不同地影响单语和双语者的表现。