HUIBREGTSE, M.E, Bazarian, J.J., Shultz, S.R., and Kawata K. The biological significance and clinical utility of emerging blood biomarkers for traumatic brain injury. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV XX (130) XXX-XXX, 2021.- Blood biomarkers can serve as objective measures to gauge traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity, identify patients at risk for adverse outcomes, and predict recovery duration, yet the clinical use of blood biomarkers for TBI is limited to a select few and only to rule out the need for CT scanning. The biomarkers often examined in neurotrauma research are proteomic markers, which can reflect a range of pathological processes such as cellular damage, astrogliosis, or neuroinflammation. However, proteomic blood biomarkers are vulnerable to degradation, resulting in short half-lives. Emerging biomarkers for TBI may reflect the complex genetic and neurometabolic alterations that occur following TBI that are not captured by proteomics, are less vulnerable to degradation, and are comprised of microRNA, extracellular vesicles, and neurometabolites. Therefore, this review aims to summarize our understanding of how biomarkers for brain injury escape the brain parenchymal space and appear in the bloodstream, update recent research findings in several proteomic biomarkers, and characterize biological significance and examine clinical utility of microRNA, extracellular vesicles, and neurometabolites.

HUIBREGTSE、ME、Bazarian、JJ、Shultz、SR 和 Kawata K。新兴血液生物标志物对创伤性脑损伤的生物学意义和临床效用。NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV XX (130) XXX-XXX, 2021.- 血液生物标志物可以作为客观衡量创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 严重程度、识别有不良后果风险的患者并预测恢复持续时间，但血液的临床使用TBI 的生物标志物仅限于少数几种，只是为了排除 CT 扫描的需要。在神经创伤研究中经常检查的生物标志物是蛋白质组标志物，它可以反映一系列病理过程，如细胞损伤、星形胶质细胞增生或神经炎症。然而，蛋白质组血液生物标志物容易降解，导致半衰期短。TBI 的新兴生物标志物可能反映了 TBI 后发生的复杂遗传和神经代谢改变，这些改变未被蛋白质组学捕获，不易降解，并且由 microRNA、细胞外囊泡和神经代谢物组成。因此，本综述旨在总结我们对脑损伤生物标志物如何逃离脑实质空间并出现在血液中的理解，更新几种蛋白质组生物标志物的最新研究成果，表征生物学意义并检查 microRNA、细胞外囊泡和神经代谢物。