Impact gardening is a mixture of excavation by impacts and burial under continuous proximal ejecta. An existing analytical model describes the rate at which impacts excavate material on the Moon (Gault et al., 1974; Costello et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.023; Costello et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019je006172). We expand the model to include a treatment of burial under proximal ejecta. Using the models for excavation and burial, we explore the effects of impacts in the evolution of the lunar surface over the last few billion years. We find that excavation of material by gardening outpaces burial in all reasonable ejecta coverage test scenarios. Thus, gardening does not act as a shield for ice in permanent shadow. However, gardening fails to eradicate the surface expression of compositional contrasts, such as those associated with pyroclastic deposits and compositional rays, which are not vulnerable to removal by thermal or ionization processes. Explorers seeking ice at the lunar poles should not expect regions of permanent shadow to have pure ice within the top 1–10 m because that ice will have been disrupted by gardening.

中文翻译：

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月球上的二次影响埋葬和挖掘园艺以及永久阴影中的冰深度

冲击园艺是在连续的近端喷射物下通过冲击挖掘和掩埋的混合体。现有的分析模型描述了挖掘材料对月球的影响速度（Gault 等人，1974 年；Costello 等人，2018 年，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.023；Costello 等人al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019je006172)。我们扩展模型以包括近端喷射物下的埋葬治疗。使用挖掘和掩埋模型，我们探索了过去几十亿年月球表面演化的影响。我们发现，在所有合理的喷射物覆盖测试场景中，通过园艺挖掘材料的速度超过了埋葬。因此，园艺不能作为永久阴影中冰的盾牌。然而，园艺未能消除构图对比的表面表现，例如那些与火山碎屑沉积物和成分射线有关的物质，它们不易被热或电离过程去除。在月球两极寻找冰的探险者不应期望永久阴影区域在顶部 1-10 m 内有纯冰，因为这些冰会被园艺破坏。