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Effect of a single dose of oral azithromycin on malaria parasitaemia in children: a randomized controlled trial
Malaria Journal ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-31 , DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03895-9
Boubacar Coulibaly 1 , Ali Sié 1 , Clarisse Dah 1 , Mamadou Bountogo 1 , Mamadou Ouattara 1 , Adama Compaoré 1 , Moustapha Nikiema 1 , Jérôme Nankoné Tiansi 1 , Nestor Dembélé Sibiri 1 , Jessica M Brogdon 2 , Elodie Lebas 2 , Thuy Doan 2, 3 , Travis C Porco 2, 3 , Thomas M Lietman 2, 3, 4 , Catherine E Oldenburg 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Azithromycin has recently been shown to reduce all-cause childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. One potential mechanism of this effect is via the anti-malarial effect of azithromycin, which may help treat or prevent malaria infection. This study evaluated short- and longer-term effects of azithromycin on malaria outcomes in children. Children aged 8 days to 59 months were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to a single oral dose of azithromycin (20 mg/kg) or matching placebo. Children were evaluated for malaria via thin and thick smear and rapid diagnostic test (for those with tympanic temperature ≥ 37.5 °C) at baseline and 14 days and 6 months after treatment. Malaria outcomes in children receiving azithromycin versus placebo were compared at each follow-up timepoint separately. Of 450 children enrolled, 230 were randomized to azithromycin and 220 to placebo. Children were a median of 26 months and 51% were female, and 17% were positive for malaria parasitaemia at baseline. There was no evidence of a difference in malaria parasitaemia at 14 days or 6 months after treatment. In the azithromycin arm, 20% of children were positive for parasitaemia at 14 days compared to 17% in the placebo arm (P = 0.43) and 7.6% vs. 5.6% in the azithromycin compared to placebo arms at 6 months (P = 0.47). Azithromycin did not affect malaria outcomes in this study, possibly due to the individually randomized nature of the trial. Trial registration This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03676751; registered 19 September 2018).

中文翻译:

单剂量口服阿奇霉素对儿童疟疾寄生虫血症的影响:一项随机对照试验

阿奇霉素最近被证明可以降低撒哈拉以南非洲地区的儿童全因死亡率。这种作用的一种潜在机制是通过阿奇霉素的抗疟疾作用,这可能有助于治疗或预防疟疾感染。本研究评估了阿奇霉素对儿童疟疾结局的短期和长期影响。8 天至 59 个月的儿童以 1:1 的方式随机接受单次口服剂量的阿奇霉素 (20 mg/kg) 或匹配的安慰剂。在基线和治疗后 14 天和 6 个月,通过薄和厚涂片和快速诊断测试(对于鼓室温度≥ 37.5 °C 的儿童)评估儿童是否患有疟疾。在每个随访时间点分别比较接受阿奇霉素与安慰剂的儿童的疟疾结局。在注册的 450 名儿童中,230 名随机分配至阿奇霉素组,220 名随机分配至安慰剂组。儿童的中位年龄为 26 个月,51% 为女性,17% 的基线时疟原虫血症呈阳性。没有证据表明治疗后 14 天或 6 个月的疟原虫血症存在差异。在阿奇霉素组中,20% 的儿童在 14 天时寄生虫血症呈阳性,而安慰剂组为 17% (P = 0.43),6 个月时阿奇霉素组为 7.6% vs. 5.6% (P = 0.47) )。在这项研究中,阿奇霉素没有影响疟疾结果,这可能是由于试验的个体随机性质。试验注册 本研究在clinicaltrials.gov 注册(NCT03676751;2018 年9 月19 日注册)。没有证据表明治疗后 14 天或 6 个月的疟原虫血症存在差异。在阿奇霉素组中,20% 的儿童在 14 天时寄生虫血症呈阳性,而安慰剂组为 17% (P = 0.43),6 个月时阿奇霉素组为 7.6% vs. 5.6% (P = 0.47) )。在这项研究中,阿奇霉素没有影响疟疾结果,这可能是由于试验的个体随机性质。试验注册 本研究在clinicaltrials.gov 注册(NCT03676751;2018 年9 月19 日注册)。没有证据表明治疗后 14 天或 6 个月的疟原虫血症存在差异。在阿奇霉素组中,20% 的儿童在 14 天时寄生虫血症呈阳性,而安慰剂组为 17% (P = 0.43),6 个月时阿奇霉素组为 7.6% vs. 5.6% (P = 0.47) )。在这项研究中,阿奇霉素没有影响疟疾结果,这可能是由于试验的个体随机性质。试验注册 本研究在clinicaltrials.gov 注册(NCT03676751;2018 年9 月19 日注册)。47)。在这项研究中,阿奇霉素没有影响疟疾结果,这可能是由于试验的个体随机性质。试验注册 本研究在clinicaltrials.gov 注册(NCT03676751;2018 年9 月19 日注册)。47)。在这项研究中,阿奇霉素没有影响疟疾结果,这可能是由于试验的个体随机性质。试验注册 本研究在clinicaltrials.gov 注册(NCT03676751;2018 年9 月19 日注册)。
更新日期:2021-08-31
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