The pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has neurotoxic effects, but its mechanism is not clear. In this study, a 2,4-D (75 mg/kg. b.w) exposure model was established in SD rats with colostrum. Lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg b.w) was used as the positive control, and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP, 50 mg/kg b.w) was used as an intervention factor to explore the neurotoxic effect of 2,4-D and the neuroprotective effect of LBP. Our research results show that 2,4-D causes a decrease in the number of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells and pyknosis in nuclei with a triangular or irregular shape and that rats show signs of anxiety or depression. In rat serum, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity decreased, while malondialdehyde content increased. Protein and mRNA levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and p62 increased, while those of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 decreased in hippocampal tissues. In conclusion, 2,4-D increased the oxidative stress level, induced neuroinflammatory response, and decreased the autophagy level in experimental rats. LBP may have upregulated the autophagy level in the body by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, thus playing a neuroprotective role.

中文翻译：

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2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸对新生大鼠NLRP3炎症小体和自噬相关蛋白表达的影响及枸杞多糖的保护作用

农药2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）具有神经毒性作用，但作用机制尚不明确。在这项研究中，在含有初乳的 SD 大鼠中建立了 2,4-D (75 mg/kg. bw) 暴露模型。脂多糖 (1 mg/kg bw) 用作阳性对照，枸杞多糖 (LBP, 50 mg/kg bw) 被用作干预因子来探索 2,4-D 的神经毒性作用和 LBP 的神经保护作用。我们的研究结果表明，2,4-D 会导致海马 CA3 锥体细胞数量减少和核固缩，呈三角形或不规则形状，大鼠表现出焦虑或抑郁的迹象。在大鼠血清中，超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性降低，而丙二醛含量增加。TNFα、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-18、NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18 和 p62 的蛋白质和 mRNA 水平增加，而 LC3-II/LC3-I 和Beclin-1 在海马组织中减少。总之，2,4-D增加了实验大鼠的氧化应激水平，诱导了神经炎症反应，并降低了自噬水平。