This paper proposes a bottleneck model for managing the ship lock congestion in an inland waterway caused by the uneven temporal distribution of ship traffic demand. Due to safety checks and regular maintenance, the lock only works within a specified time window during a day. A bottleneck model with a service time window is presented to describe the dynamic scheduling process of the ships passing through the lock. The properties of the proposed model are investigated. To alleviate ships' delays at the lock area, two congestion tolling schemes (i.e., first-best and second-best) and a novel administrative scheme of moving the service time window (MST) are explored together with a combined scheme of tolling and MST. The results show that the ship's preferred departure time and the value of time for schedule delay matter in the choice of the counter-measures against ship traffic congestion. MST alone can be an effective substitute for the tolling schemes in most cases and it even outperforms the first-best tolling under certain conditions. This finding is appealing given the academic debate and public controversy raised by congestion tolling. Besides, combining MST with either tolling scheme can always yield higher efficiency. However, the benefits of MST can be marginal or even zero when the difference between the ship's preferred departure time and lock's initial service start time is around a certain value. In such cases, the authority should be cautious about combining any tolling scheme with MST since the implementation costs might outweigh the additional benefits brought by MST.

本文提出了一种瓶颈模型，用于管理内河航道因船舶交通需求时间分布不均而导致的船闸拥堵。由于安全检查和定期维护，锁只能在一天中的指定时间窗口内工作。提出了一个带有服务时间窗的瓶颈模型来描述船舶通过船闸的动态调度过程。研究了所提出模型的特性。为了减轻船舶在船闸区的延误，研究了两种拥堵收费方案（即第一优和次优）和移动服务时间窗口（MST）的新管理方案以及收费和 MST 的组合方案. 结果表明，该船' 在选择应对船舶交通拥堵的对策时，首选出发时间和船期延误时间的价值很重要。在大多数情况下，单独使用 MST 可以有效地替代收费方案，甚至在某些条件下它的性能甚至优于最佳收费方案。鉴于拥堵收费引发的学术辩论和公众争议，这一发现很有吸引力。此外，将 MST 与任一收费方案相结合总是可以产生更高的效率。然而，当船舶的首选出发时间和船闸的初始服务开始时间之间的差异在某个值左右时，MST 的好处可能是微不足道的甚至为零。在这种情况下，