Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin exine capsules (SpECs) are known to both adsorb and absorb chemicals. The aim of the present work was to determine whether oestradiol (E2) is ‘bioavailable’ to bioindicator species, either pre-adsorbed to, or in the presence of, SpECs. SpEC uptake was confirmed for Daphnia magna and Dreissena bugensis. E2 levels varied among treatments for Caenorhabditis elegans though there was no relationship to SpEC load. E2 was not detected in D. bugensis tissues. Expression changes of general stress and E2-specific genes were measured. For C. elegans, NHR-14 expression suggested that SpECs modulate E2 impacts, but not general health responses. For D. magna, SpECs alone and with E2 changed Vtg1 and general stress responses. For D. bugensis, SpECS were taken up but no E2 or change in gene expression was detected after exposure to E2 and/or SpECs. The present study is the first to investigate SpECs and bound chemical dynamics.

已知石松子孢粉外壁胶囊 (SpEC) 既能吸附又能吸收化学物质。本工作的目的是确定雌二醇 (E2) 是否对生物指示物物种具有“生物可利用性”，无论是预先吸附到 SpEC 上还是存在于 SpEC 上。已确认大型蚤和Dreissena bugensis的 SpEC 摄取。E2 水平在秀丽隐杆线虫的治疗中有所不同，尽管与 SpEC 负荷无关。在D. bugensis组织中未检测到 E2 。测量了一般应激和E2特异性基因的表达变化。对于秀丽隐杆线虫，NHR-14表达表明 SpEC 调节 E2 影响，但不调节一般健康反应。为了D. magna，SpECs 单独和 E2 改变了Vtg1和一般压力反应。对于D. bugensis，SpECS 被吸收，但在暴露于 E2 和/或 SpECs 后没有检测到 E2 或基因表​​达的变化。本研究是第一个研究 SpEC 和结合化学动力学的研究。