Limited research exists on the potential for leather to act as a fomite of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or endemic coronaviruses including human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43; this is important for settings such as the shoe manufacturing industry. Antiviral coating of leather hides could limit such risks. This study aimed to investigate the stability and transfer of HCoVOC43 on different leathers, as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2, and assess the antiviral efficacy of a silver-based leather coating. The stability of HCoV-OC43 (6.6 log₁₀) on patent, full-grain calf, corrected grain finished and nubuck leathers (silver additive-coated and uncoated) was measured by titration on BHK-21 cells. Transfer from leather to cardboard and stainless steel was determined. HCoV-OC43 was detectable for 6 h on patent, 24 h on finished leather and 48 h on calf leather; no infectious virus was recovered from nubuck. HCoV-OC43 transferred from patent, finished and calf leathers onto cardboard and stainless steel up to 2 h post-inoculation (≤3.1–5.5 log₁₀), suggesting that leathers could act as fomites. Silver additive-coated calf and finished leathers were antiviral against HCoV-OC43, with no infectious virus recovered after 2 h and limited transfer to other surfaces. The silver additive could reduce potential indirect transmission of HCoV-OC43 from leather.

中文翻译：

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人冠状病毒OC43在皮革上污染物传播的稳定性和风险调查

关于皮革作为严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 或地方性冠状病毒包括人类冠状病毒 (HCoV) OC43 的污染物的可能性的研究有限；这对于制鞋业等环境很重要。皮革的抗病毒涂层可以限制此类风险。本研究旨在研究 HCoVOC43 在不同皮革上的稳定性和转移，作为 SARS-CoV-2 的替代物，并评估银基皮革涂层的抗病毒功效。HCoV-OC43 的稳定性（6.6 log ₁₀) 通过在 BHK-21 电池上滴定测量漆皮、全粒面小牛皮、修正粒面和正绒面革（镀银添加剂和未镀银）。确定了从皮革到纸板和不锈钢的转移。HCoV-OC43 在漆皮上可检测 6 小时，在成品皮革上为 24 小时，在小牛皮上为 48 小时；没有从正绒面革中回收到传染性病毒。HCoV-OC43 在接种后 2 小时内从漆皮、成品皮和小牛皮转移到纸板和不锈钢上（≤3.1–5.5 log ₁₀），表明皮革可以作为污染物。涂有银添加剂的小牛皮和成品皮革对 HCoV-OC43 具有抗病毒作用，2 小时后没有感染性病毒恢复，并且转移到其他表面的情况有限。银添加剂可以减少 HCoV-OC43 从皮革中潜在的间接传播。