Our recent neuroimaging study identified structural differences in cerebellar subfields linked to cortical attentional networks in patients with eye disease or Parkinson's disease who experience visual hallucinations and a commentary on the study by Zorzi et al. provided additional evidence of functional cerebellar changes in Dementia with Lewy bodies. Here, we review evidence for cerebellar involvement in hallucinations across multiple clinical conditions and sensory modalities as well as examine its wider clinical and mechanistic implications. The combined structural and functional evidence is consistent with two models of cerebellar contribution to hallucination which differ in their implied direction of cause, effect and temporal sequence. Additionally, we contend that the relatively neuroanatomically localised nature of the cerebellum makes it particularly suited to identifying changes affecting distributed cortical networks using imaging techniques. As such, cerebellar subfield differences may offer value as candidate prognostic and predictive biomarkers as well as targets for neuromodulatory treatment across a range of clinical conditions.

中文翻译：

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小脑参与幻觉可能超越临床条件和感知方式。

我们最近的神经影像学研究确定了与经历视幻觉的眼病或帕金森病患者的皮层注意力网络相关的小脑亚区的结构差异，以及 Zorzi 等人对研究的评论。提供了路易体痴呆症功能性小脑变化的额外证据。在这里，我们回顾了小脑在多种临床状况和感觉方式中参与幻觉的证据，并检查其更广泛的临床和机械意义。结合的结构和功能证据与小脑对幻觉的贡献的两种模型一致，它们在因果和时间顺序的隐含方向上有所不同。此外，我们认为小脑相对神经解剖学定位的性质使其特别适合使用成像技术识别影响分布式皮层网络的变化。因此，小脑亚区差异可能作为候选预后和预测生物标志物以及一系列临床条件下神经调节治疗的目标提供价值。