Government agencies responsible for policy implementation have expertise on policy practicability, efficiency and effectiveness, and knowledge which is provided to policymakers as feedback. However, we know very little about the feedback dynamics in which implementing agencies provide different types of feedback with the intention that it is used by policymakers, and the strategic decisions underlying these dynamics. This article connects the literature on policy feedback and knowledge use to develop a typology of implementation feedback which can account for these strategic actions. While existing distinctions between positive and negative feedback lead to confusion when applied to implementation feedback, our typology moves beyond this confusion, by classifying implementation feedback on the basis of two dimensions: preferences of implementing agencies and whether feedback is in response an agenda for change, or existing policy instruments. To illustrate the typology, we look at implementation feedback surrounding the post-2013 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy. We find that implementing agencies engage predominantly in problem-solving and mitigating types of implementation feedback, which are the types of feedback most likely to be used instrumentally by policymakers. Moreover, role perception of implementing agencies limits feedback focused on agenda removal, which is more politically sensitive and contested. These insights are important for our understanding of policy feedback on the level of policy instruments and settings. Moreover, future research can use this typology to structure feedback by other actors.

负责政策实施的政府机构拥有政策实用性、效率和有效性方面的专业知识，以及作为反馈提供给决策者的知识。然而，我们对执行机构提供不同类型反馈以供决策者使用的反馈动态以及这些动态背后的战略决策知之甚少。本文将有关政策反馈和知识使用的文献联系起来，以开发可以解释这些战略行动的实施反馈类型。虽然现有的正反馈和负反馈之间的区别在应用于实施反馈时会导致混淆，但我们的类型学超越了这种混淆，通过基于两个维度对实施反馈进行分类：执行机构的偏好以及反馈是响应变革议程还是现有政策工具。为了说明这种类型，我们研究了围绕 2013 年后共同农业政策改革的实施反馈。我们发现执行机构主要参与解决问题和缓解执行反馈的类型，这是决策者最有可能使用的反馈类型。此外，执行机构的角色认知限制了以议程删除为重点的反馈，这在政治上更加敏感且有争议。这些见解对于我们了解政策工具和环境层面的政策反馈非常重要。此外，未来的研究可以使用这种类型来构建其他参与者的反馈。