Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is a system activity that identifies, evaluates and eliminates potential failure modes (FMs) in a system/process to enhance the quality and reliability of a product. In order to improve the implementation efficiency of FMEA, this study proposes a consensus-based FMEA method to derive the ordinal classifications of FMs, in which the FMEA team members employ linguistic distribution to convey their preferences. In the proposed FMEA method, a multi-stage consensus optimization model with bounded confidences is designed to help the FMEA team reach a consensus. In the consensus reaching process, a maximum consensus optimization model based on bounded confidences is provided to obtain the adjustment suggestions by maximizing the level of consensus among the FMEA team. If the predetermined level of consensus cannot be reached, the adjustment suggestions obtained by the maximum consensus optimization model are adopted to guide the preference-modification of the FMEA team members. Otherwise, a two-stage consensus optimization model based on bounded confidences is designed to derive the adjustment suggestions for the preference-modification of the FMEA team members. Finally, a case study of marine diesel engine crankcase explosion, a sensitivity analysis and a comparative analysis are proposed to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed FMEA method.

失效模式和影响分析 (FMEA) 是一种系统活动，用于识别、评估和消除系统/过程中的潜在失效模式 (FM)，以提高产品的质量和可靠性。为了提高 FMEA 的实施效率，本研究提出了一种基于共识的 FMEA 方法来推导 FM 的序数分类，其中 FMEA 团队成员采用语言分布来传达他们的偏好。在提出的 FMEA 方法中，设计了一个具有有限置信度的多阶段共识优化模型，以帮助 FMEA 团队达成共识。在达成共识的过程中，提供了基于有界置信度的最大共识优化模型，通过最大化FMEA团队之间的共识水平来获取调整建议。如果无法达到预定的共识水平，则采用最大共识优化模型得到的调整建议来指导FMEA团队成员的偏好修改。否则，设计基于有界置信度的两阶段共识优化模型来得出 FMEA 团队成员偏好修改的调整建议。最后，提出了船用柴油机曲轴箱爆炸的案例研究、敏感性分析和比较分析，以说明所提出的 FMEA 方法的可行性和有效性。基于有界置信度的两阶段共识优化模型旨在为 FMEA 团队成员的偏好修改得出调整建议。最后，提出了船用柴油机曲轴箱爆炸的案例研究、敏感性分析和比较分析，以说明所提出的 FMEA 方法的可行性和有效性。基于有界置信度的两阶段共识优化模型旨在为 FMEA 团队成员的偏好修改得出调整建议。最后，提出了船用柴油机曲轴箱爆炸的案例研究、敏感性分析和比较分析，以说明所提出的 FMEA 方法的可行性和有效性。