A reaction-coupling strategy is often employed for CO₂ hydrogenation to produce fuels and chemicals using oxide/zeolite bifunctional catalysts. Because the oxide components are responsible for CO₂ activation, understanding the structural effects of these oxides is crucial, however, these effects still remain unclear. In this study, we combined In₂O₃, with varying particle sizes, and SAPO-34 as bifunctional catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation. The CO₂ conversion and selectivity of the lower olefins increased as the average In₂O₃ crystallite size decreased from 29 to 19 nm; this trend mainly due to the increasing number of oxygen vacancies responsible for CO₂ and H₂ activation. However, In₂O₃ particles smaller than 19 nm are more prone to sintering than those with other sizes. The results suggest that 19 nm is the optimal size of In₂O₃ for CO₂ hydrogenation to lower olefins and that the oxide particle size is crucial for designing catalysts with high activity, high selectivity, and high stability.

反应偶联策略通常用于 CO ₂加氢，以使用氧化物/沸石双功能催化剂生产燃料和化学品。由于氧化物组分负责 CO ₂活化，因此了解这些氧化物的结构效应至关重要，但是，这些效应仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们将不同粒径的In ₂ O ₃和 SAPO-34 作为双功能催化剂用于 CO ₂加氢。低级烯烃的CO ₂转化率和选择性随平均In ₂ O _{3 的}增加而增加微晶尺寸从 29 nm 减小到 19 nm；这种趋势主要是由于导致 CO ₂和 H ₂活化的氧空位数量不断增加。然而，小于19nm的In ₂ O ₃颗粒比其他尺寸的颗粒更容易烧结。结果表明，19 nm 是用于 CO ₂加氢生成低级烯烃的 In ₂ O ₃的最佳粒径，并且氧化物粒径对于设计具有高活性、高选择性和高稳定性的催化剂至关重要。