Abstract

The present contribution addresses the phylogeny and biogeography of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986, the most species-rich in the arachnid order Amblypygi Thorell, 1883, based on morphology and multilocus DNA sequences, analysed simultaneously using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The morphological matrix comprises 138 characters, scored for four outgroup taxa and 103 ingroup terminals representing all genera and 64% of the species of Charinidae. The multilocus dataset comprises sequences from two nuclear and three mitochondrial gene loci for four outgroup taxa and 48 ingroup representing 30 (23%) taxa of Charinidae. Charinidae are monophyletic, with Weygoldtia Miranda et al., 2018 sister to a monophyletic group comprising Charinus Simon, 1892 and Sarax Simon, 1892, neither of which are reciprocally monophyletic. Charinidae diverged from other amblypygid families in the Late Carboniferous, c. 318 Mya, on the supercontinent Pangaea. Weygoldtia diverged from the common ancestor of Charinus and Sarax during the Late Permian, c. 257 Mya, when changes in climate reduced tropical forests. The divergence of Charinus and Sarax coincides with the fragmentation of Pangaea, c. 216 Mya. Sarax colonized South-East Asia via Australia. The charinid fauna of New Caledonia originated before the Oligocene, when the island separated from Australia, c. 80 Mya.

中文翻译：

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泛热带鞭蛛科 Charinidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) 的系统发育和生物地理学

摘要

目前的贡献涉及泛热带鞭蛛科 Charinidae Quintero 的系统发育和生物地理学，1986 年，蜘蛛目 Amblypygi Thorell，1883 中物种最丰富，基于形态学和多位点 DNA 序列，同时使用简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯分析推理。形态矩阵包括 138 个字符，对 4 个外群分类群和 103 个内群末端进行评分，代表了 Charinidae 的所有属和 64% 的物种。多位点数据集包括来自两个核基因位点和三个线粒体基因位点的序列，用于四个外群分类群和 48 个内群，代表 Charinidae 的 30 (23%) 个分类群。Charinidae 是单系的，Weygoldtia Miranda等人。, 2018 年是一个单系群的姐妹，包括Charinus Simon, 1892 和Sarax Simon, 1892，两者都不是互惠单系的。Charinidae 与晚石炭世的其他 amblypygid 家族分化，c。318 Mya，在超大陆盘古大陆上。Weygoldtia在二叠纪晚期与Charinus和Sarax的共同祖先分离， c。257 Mya，当气候变化减少热带森林时。Charinus和Sarax的分歧与Pangaea 的分裂相吻合，c。216 妙。萨拉克斯通过澳大利亚殖民东南亚。新喀里多尼亚的charinid动物群起源于渐新世之前，当时该岛与澳大利亚分离，c。80 妙。