The aim of this paper is to shed light on the figure of Francesco Maria Fiorentini, a 17th-century physician from Lucca (Tuscany, Italy) and member of the Iatromechanical School, who distinguished himself for his role during the plague and the typhus epidemics that spread throughout Italy in the first half of that century. His work must be contextualized in a precise historical moment, which marked the gradual transition of Western medicine from the archaism of Galenic doctrine to that of the Iatromechanical School, when the foundations started to be laid for an experimental type of medicine that based its assumptions on the direct observation of phenomena concerning the human body. In this work, we mainly focus on the medical biography of Fiorentini and on the reasons why he enjoyed great social prestige among the most prominent figures of his time. However, Fiorentini should also be remembered as a multifaceted scholar, as evidenced by his numerous writings, which underline his erudition in disparate fields of knowledge.

本文的目的是揭示弗朗西斯科·玛丽亚·菲奥伦蒂尼 (Francesco Maria Fiorentini) 的人物，他是一位来自卢卡（意大利托斯卡纳）的 17 世纪医生，也是医疗机械学派的成员，他因在鼠疫和斑疹伤寒流行期间所发挥的作用而闻名。那个世纪上半叶传遍了意大利。他的工作必须置于一个精确的历史时刻，这标志着西方医学从盖伦学说的古老主义逐渐过渡到医疗机械学派，当时开始为基于其假设的实验类型医学奠定基础。对人体现象的直接观察。在本书中，我们主要关注菲奥伦蒂尼的医学传记以及他在当时最著名的人物中享有崇高社会威望的原因。然而，菲奥伦蒂尼也应该被视为一位多才多艺的学者，他的众多著作就证明了这一点，这些著作强调了他在不同知识领域的博学。