Shame is a deeply painful emotion people feel when they perceive that they have fallen short of socially constructed expectations. In this study, professional shame refers to shame experiences that stem from people's perceptions that they have failed to meet expectations or standards that are relevant to their identities in a professional domain. While socially constructed expectations placed on engineering students have been implicitly addressed in the engineering education literature, they have rarely been the subject of specific inquiry.

中文翻译：

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工科本科生职业耻感的社会建构

羞耻是当人们发现自己没有达到社会构建的期望时所感受到的一种非常痛苦的情绪。在这项研究中，职业羞耻感是指由于人们认为他们未能达到与其在专业领域中的身份相关的期望或标准而产生的羞耻体验。虽然工程教育文献中已经隐含地提到了对工程学生的社会建构期望，但它们很少成为具体探究的主题。