The coup attempt of July 1936 that began the Spanish Civil War differed from its predecessors in that the rebel officers sought to remake both the Spanish state and society. The roots of this new brand of military interventionism have been traced to Spain’s colonial wars in Morocco, but this article argues that they extended further back to the rebel officers’ training at Spain’s Infantry Academy, where, in the wake of defeat in the Spanish-American War, Regenerationist reformers within the academy recast the moral training that cadets received so that they felt it was the army’s duty to lead a transformation of Spanish society to return it to the imagined glories of Spain’s past.¹1 Thanks to Pamela Radcliff and Geoffrey Jensen for their comments and suggestions. Thanks as well to the staffs of the Biblioteca Nacional de España, the Biblioteca Central Militar, and the Biblioteca del Museo del Ejército for their help with retrieving primary source materials. Some of the research for this work was supported by the Fulbright Foundation.

1936 年 7 月开始西班牙内战的政变企图与其前身不同，因为叛军军官试图重塑西班牙国家和社会。这种新型军事干预主义的根源可以追溯到西班牙在摩洛哥的殖民战争，但本文认为，它们进一步追溯到西班牙步兵学院对叛军军官的训练，在西班牙战败之后——美国战争，学院内的再生主义改革者重新塑造了学员接受的道德训练，使他们觉得军队有责任领导西班牙社会的转型，使其恢复西班牙过去想象中的辉煌。¹1 感谢 Pamela Radcliff 和 Geoffrey Jensen 的意见和建议。还要感谢 Biblioteca Nacional de España、Biblioteca Central Militar 和 Biblioteca del Museo del Ejército 的工作人员在检索原始资料方面提供的帮助。这项工作的一些研究得到了富布赖特基金会的支持。