The evolution of various properties of cobalt-doped M-type barium hexa-ferrites has been investigated in this project. A series of cobalt-doped M-type barium hexa-ferrites having general composition BaCo_xFe_(12-x)O₁₉ with x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 was prepared using powder metallurgy route. For the thermal decomposition, prepared powders were heat-treated at 1373 K^o for 2 h in a muffle furnace. The structural analysis, 3-D structural visualization, functional group analysis, surface morphology, elemental analysis, optical, dielectric, ferromagnetic, and ferroelectric properties of samples were characterized using different characterization techniques. X-ray diffractometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of single-phase hexagonal structure of cobalt-doped M-type barium hexa-ferrite. The optical bandgap energy and saturation magnetization of the prepared samples increased with increasing cobalt concentration which made them suitable for light-emitting diodes and laser formation. Their dielectric properties show the insulting nature of the ferrites. Ferro-electric loop exhibits formation of non-centrosymmetric covalent bonds with an increase in the electric coercive field and remanent polarization. The electric polarization in the unit cell of barium hexa-ferrites is based on FeO6 octahedron. The oxygen O6 is located at three crystallographic sites (4f, 2a and 12 k). The iron ion is normally located at the center of the oxygen octahedron. The formation of non-centrosymmetric covalent bonds is due to the shifts off-center of iron ions under the application of external field. The ferroelectric loops are also not properly closed which indicates the magnetoelectric (ME) coupling and improves multiferroicity of the material.

该项目研究了钴掺杂的 M 型六铁酸钡的各种性能的演变。使用粉末冶金路线制备了一系列具有一般组成 BaCo _x Fe _(12-x) O ₁₉且 x = 0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 和 1.2的钴掺杂 M 型六铁酸钡。对于热分解，制备的粉末在 1373 K ^o在马弗炉中加热 2 小时。样品的结构分析、3-D 结构可视化、官能团分析、表面形态、元素分析、光学、介电、铁磁和铁电特性使用不同的表征技术进行表征。X 射线衍射仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱证实了钴掺杂的 M 型六铁酸钡的单相六方结构的形成。制备的样品的光学带隙能量和饱和磁化强度随着钴浓度的增加而增加，这使其适用于发光二极管和激光形成。它们的介电特性显示了铁氧体的绝缘特性。铁电回路表现出非中心对称共价键的形成，随着矫顽力场和剩余极化的增加。六铁酸钡晶胞中的电极化基于 FeO6 八面体。氧 O6 位于三个结晶位点（4f、2a 和 12k）。铁离子通常位于氧八面体的中心。非中心对称共价键的形成是由于外场作用下铁离子偏离中心所致。铁电回路也没有正确闭合，这表明磁电 (ME) 耦合并提高了材料的多铁性。氧 O6 位于三个结晶位点（4f、2a 和 12k）。铁离子通常位于氧八面体的中心。非中心对称共价键的形成是由于外场作用下铁离子偏离中心所致。铁电回路也没有正确闭合，这表明磁电 (ME) 耦合并提高了材料的多铁性。氧 O6 位于三个结晶位点（4f、2a 和 12k）。铁离子通常位于氧八面体的中心。非中心对称共价键的形成是由于外场作用下铁离子偏离中心所致。铁电回路也没有正确闭合，这表明磁电 (ME) 耦合并提高了材料的多铁性。