Air and environmental pollution are influenced by natural and anthropogenic activities. In addition, seasonal variations also affect the level of air pollutant concentration. Air pollution has a negative impact on climate, human-being health, and the environment. Monitoring of air pollution is a critical challenge in the world for better planning regarding its reduction. This study aims to monitor the impacts of seasonal diversity of buildings’ energy consumption pattern on the tropospheric NO₂, CO, and SO₂ concentrations over the 22 districts of Kabul City. Sentinel—5P TROPOMI data was used for the space measurement of the selected tropospheric pollutant during the winter (December 2019, January, and February 2020) and summer (June, July, and August 2020) seasons. Google Earth Engine platform was used for the processing and analysis of data, and ArcGIS 10.7.1 was utilized for the plotting of thematic maps. This study’s findings demonstrate that the tropospheric NO₂, CO, and SO₂ concentrations were reduced from the winter to the summer season. The main sources of NO₂, CO, and SO₂ pollutants are coal, wood, gas, and biomass burning, since these substances are consumed for heating purposes due to the cold weather during the winter season. Consequently, the results were validated using real-time data to test reliability. There was a high correlation between the output of this study and validation data.

空气和环境污染受自然和人为活动的影响。此外，季节变化也会影响空气污染物浓度水平。空气污染对气候、人类健康和环境都有负面影响。监测空气污染是世界上更好地规划减少空气污染的一项重大挑战。本研究旨在监测建筑物能源消耗模式的季节性多样性对对流层NO ₂、CO 和SO _{2 的影响。}集中在喀布尔市的 22 个区。Sentinel-5P TROPOMI数据用于在冬季（2019年12月、2020年1月和2020年2月）和夏季（2020年6月、7月和8月）季节对选定的对流层污染物进行空间测量。数据处理分析采用Google Earth Engine平台，专题图绘制采用ArcGIS 10.7.1。本研究的结果表明，从冬季到夏季，对流层 NO ₂、CO 和 SO ₂浓度有所降低。NO ₂、CO、SO ₂的主要来源污染物是煤、木材、天然气和生物质燃烧，因为由于冬季天气寒冷，这些物质被用于取暖。因此，使用实时数据来验证结果以测试可靠性。本研究的输出与验证数据之间存在高度相关性。