The molecular mode of action underpinning the response of mollusks exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) remains unclear due to a lack of available information regarding their genome. Single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing makes it possible to reveal molecular mechanisms by direct sequencing of full-length transcripts. In the present study, the transcriptome profile of the freshwater snail Parafossarulus striatulus after exposure to 17β-estradiol (E2) or 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) was evaluated using SMRT sequencing strategy. In total, 216,598 non-redundant and full-length gene isoforms were generated and 106,266 isoforms were predicted with a complete open reading frame (ORF). Moreover, 60.36% of the isoforms were matched to known proteins in at least one of six databases. Differential gene expression analyses showed significantly different patterns in paired samples with different treatments. The expression levels of several membrane receptor isoforms of P. striatulus including dopamine receptor (DR), FMRFamide receptor (FMRFaR), neuropeptide Y receptor (NYR) and neuropeptide FF receptor (NFFR), but not estrogen receptor (ER) or estrogen-related receptor (ERR), were significantly affected by E2 and MT. These findings suggest that activation of membrane receptors, as well as other signaling pathways, might be critical for mediating the effects of endocrine disruption in mollusks. The transcriptome information obtained from the SMRT sequencing provides a significant contribution to the investigation of the molecular mode of action of endocrine disrupting chemicals on P. striatulus.

由于缺乏有关其基因组的可用信息，支持软体动物暴露于内分泌干扰化学物质 (EDC) 的反应的分子作用模式仍不清楚。单分子实时 (SMRT) 测序可以通过对全长转录本进行直接测序来揭示分子机制。在本研究中，淡水蜗牛Parafossarulus striatulus的转录组谱暴露于 17β-雌二醇 (E2) 或 17α-甲基睾酮 (MT) 后，使用 SMRT 测序策略进行评估。总共生成了 216,598 个非冗余和全长基因亚型，并预测了 106,266 个亚型具有完整的开放阅读框 (ORF)。此外，60.36% 的同种型与至少六个数据库之一中的已知蛋白质相匹配。差异基因表达分析显示，不同处理的配对样本中存在显着不同的模式。纹状体几种膜受体亚型的表达水平包括多巴胺受体 (DR)、FMRFamide 受体 (FMRFaR)、神经肽 Y 受体 (NYR) 和神经肽 FF 受体 (NFFR)，但不包括雌激素受体 (ER) 或雌激素相关受体 (ERR)，受 E2 和 MT 显着影响. 这些发现表明，膜受体的激活以及其他信号通路可能对介导软体动物内分泌干扰的影响至关重要。从 SMRT 测序获得的转录组信息为研究内分泌干扰化学物质对纹状体的分子作用模式做出了重大贡献。