Context:

Agile methods have limitations concerning problem understanding and solution finding, which can cause organizations to push misguided products and accrue waste. Some authors suggest combining agile methods with discovery-oriented approaches to overcome this, with notable candidates being User-Centered Design (UCD) and Lean Startup, a combination of which there is yet not a demonstrated, comprehensive study on how it works.

Objective:

To characterize a development approach combination of Agile Software Development, UCD, and Lean Startup; exposing how the three approaches can be intertwined in a single development process and how they affect development.

Method:

We conducted a case study with two industry software development teams that use this combined approach, investigating them through interviews, observation, focus groups, and a workshop during a nine-month period in which they were stationed in a custom-built development lab.

Results:

The teams are made up of user advocates, business advocates, and solution builders; while their development approach emphasizes experimentation by making heavy use of build-measure-learn cycles. The combined approach promotes a problem-oriented mindset, encouraging team members to work together and engage with the entire development process, actively discovering stakeholders needs and how to fulfill them. Each of its approaches provide a unique contribution to the development process: UCD fosters empathy with stakeholders and enables teams to better understand the problem they are tasked with solving; Lean Startup introduces experimentation as the guiding force of development; and Extreme Programming (the teams’ agile method) provides support to experimentation and achieving technical excellence.

Conclusion:

The combined approach pushes teams to think critically throughout the development effort. Our practical example provides insight on its essence and might inspire industry practitioners to seek a similar development approach based on the same precepts.

中文翻译：

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使用以用户为中心的设计和精益创业改进敏捷软件开发

语境：

敏捷方法在理解问题和寻找解决方案方面存在局限性，这可能会导致组织推出被误导的产品并产生浪费。一些作者建议将敏捷方法与以发现为导向的方法相结合来克服这一点，值得注意的候选者是以用户为中心的设计 (UCD) 和精益创业，目前还没有关于其工作原理的综合研究。

客观的：

描述敏捷软件开发、UCD 和精益创业的开发方法组合；揭示这三种方法如何在单个开发过程中交织在一起以及它们如何影响开发。

方法：

我们对两个使用这种组合方法的行业软件开发团队进行了案例研究，在他们驻扎在定制开发实验室的九个月期间，通过访谈、观察、焦点小组和研讨会对他们进行了调查。

结果：

团队由用户倡导者、业务倡导者和解决方案构建者组成；而他们的开发方法通过大量使用构建-测量-学习循环来强调实验。这种组合方法促进了以问题为导向的思维方式，鼓励团队成员一起工作并参与整个开发过程，积极发现利益相关者的需求以及如何满足这些需求。它的每一种方法都对开发过程做出了独特的贡献：UCD 培养与利益相关者的同理心，并使团队能够更好地理解他们要解决的问题；精益创业将实验作为发展的引导力；极限编程（团队的敏捷方法）为实验和实现技术卓越提供支持。

结论：

这种组合方法促使团队在整个开发工作中进行批判性思考。我们的实例提供了对其本质的洞察，并可能激发行业从业者基于相同的戒律寻求类似的发展方法。