DNA markers improved the productivity and accuracy of classical plant breeding by means of marker-assisted selection (MAS). The enormous number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping read for different plant species have given a plenitude of molecular marker-gene associations. In this review, we have discussed the positive aspects of molecular marker-assisted selection and its precise applications in plant breeding programmes. Molecular marker-assisted selection has considerably shortened the time for new crop varieties to be brought to the market. To explore the information about DNA markers, many reviews have been published in the last few decades; all these reviews were intended by plant breeders to obtain information on molecular genetics. In this review, we intended to be a synopsis of recent developments of DNA markers and their application in plant breeding programmes and devoted to early breeders with little or no knowledge about the DNA markers. The progress made in molecular plant breeding, plant genetics, genomics selection, and editing of genome contributed to the comprehensive understanding of DNA markers and provides several proofs on the genetic diversity available in crop plants and greatly complemented plant breeding devices. MAS has revolutionized the process of plant breeding with acceleration and accuracy, which is continuously empowering plant breeders around the world.

中文翻译：

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分子标记辅助选择及其在植物育种计划中的应用的最新进展

DNA 标记通过标记辅助选择 (MAS) 提高了经典植物育种的生产力和准确性。大量不同植物物种的数量性状基因座 (QTL) 作图读取提供了丰富的分子标记基因关联。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了分子标记辅助选择的积极方面及其在植物育种计划中的精确应用。分子标记辅助选择大大缩短了新作物品种推向市场的时间。为了探索有关 DNA 标记的信息，过去几十年发表了许多评论。所有这些评论都是植物育种者用来获取分子遗传学信息的。在这次审查中，我们打算概述 DNA 标记的最新发展及其在植物育种计划中的应用，并致力于对 DNA 标记知之甚少或根本不了解的早期育种者。在分子植物育种、植物遗传学、基因组选择和基因组编辑方面取得的进展有助于全面了解 DNA 标记，并为作物植物中可用的遗传多样性提供了若干证据，并极大地补充了植物育种设备。MAS 以加速和准确的方式彻底改变了植物育种过程，不断为世界各地的植物育种者赋能。和基因组编辑有助于全面了解 DNA 标记，并为作物植物中可用的遗传多样性提供了若干证据，并极大地补充了植物育种设备。MAS 以加速和准确的方式彻底改变了植物育种过程，不断为世界各地的植物育种者赋能。和基因组编辑有助于全面了解 DNA 标记，并为作物植物中可用的遗传多样性提供了若干证据，并极大地补充了植物育种设备。MAS 以加速和准确的方式彻底改变了植物育种过程，不断为世界各地的植物育种者赋能。