This study reports the design, fabrication, and application of strain and tactile sensors molded with Carbon Black (CB)/Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) composite ink into flexible-soft 3D printed TPU substrate. In sensor design, three different geometries, namely Straight Line/Zigzag/Wavy, are produced to investigate the effect on the sensing behavior. 3D printed molds are preferred due to their low cost and simplicity in fabrication. Additionally, propolis, which is antibacterial and has therapeutic properties for wound and fungal diseases, is added to the composite material to benefit its healing and protective properties. The sensing properties of propolis are investigated for its use as mixing and coating materials. According to electrical characterization, the fabricated structures can be used in triple mode as piezoresistive, piezocapacitive, and piezoinductive sensors. The gauge factor (GF) values for sensors using different ratios of materials varies between 3 and 10. Given conventional metallic strain gauges whose GF is typically around 2, the obtained GF values are remarkable. The distribution of the applied stress on the sensor surface is given by simulations. In addition, the characteristic changes of the samples according to the frequency are examined, and equivalent circuits are provided.

本研究报告了用炭黑 (CB)/热塑性聚氨酯 (TPU) 复合墨水模制到柔性 3D 打印 TPU 基材中的应变和触觉传感器的设计、制造和应用。在传感器设计中，产生了三种不同的几何形状，即直线/锯齿形/波浪形，以研究对传感行为的影响。3D 打印模具因其成本低且制造简单而受到青睐。此外，蜂胶具有抗菌作用，对伤口和真菌疾病具有治疗作用，被添加到复合材料中，以促进其愈合和保护特性。研究了蜂胶作为混合和涂层材料的传感特性。根据电气特性，制造的结构可以在三重模式下用作压阻，压电容和压感传感器。使用不同材料比率的传感器的应变系数 (GF) 值在 3 到 10 之间变化。考虑到 GF 通常约为 2 的传统金属应变计，获得的 GF 值非常显着。施加在传感器表面上的应力分布是通过模拟给出的。此外，还检查了样本随频率的特性变化，并提供了等效电路。