Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as a subverter of immunotherapy in oncology, are changing all aspects of therapy for malignant tumors, especially their remarkable effects on melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For colorectal cancer (CRC), only a small number of patients with high immunogenicity (microsatellite instability-high/mismatch-repair deficient (MSI-H/dMMR)) benefit greatly from ICIs treatment, and most CRC patients with low immunogenicity (microsatellite instability-low/mismatch-repair proficient (MSI-L/pMMR)) do not. Currently, numerous clinical trials are ongoing to improve CRC patients’ response to ICIs immunotherapy through better patient selection and novel combination strategies. Thus, this review discusses the current status and latest progress of ICIs treatment in CRC. We expect that these studies can change the pattern of CRC immunotherapy in the future.

免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）作为肿瘤免疫治疗的颠覆者，正在改变恶性肿瘤治疗的各个方面，尤其是对黑色素瘤和非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的显着疗效。对于结直肠癌（CRC），只有少数具有高免疫原性（微卫星不稳定性高/错配修复缺陷（MSI-H/dMMR））的患者从ICIs治疗中获得很大获益，而大多数具有低免疫原性（微卫星不稳定性）的CRC患者-低/错配修复熟练（MSI-L/pMMR））则不然。目前，大量临床试验正在进行中，旨在通过更好的患者选择和新颖的联合策略来改善 CRC 患者对 ICI 免疫治疗的反应。因此，本文讨论了ICIs治疗结直肠癌的现状和最新进展。我们期望这些研究能够改变未来CRC免疫治疗的模式。