The COVID-19 pandemic has infected nearly 178 million people and claimed the lives of over 3.8 million in less than 15 months. This has prompted a flurry of research studies into the mechanisms and effects of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection in humans. However, studies examining the effects of COVID-19 in pregnant women, their placentae and their babies remain limited. Furthermore, reports of safety and efficacy of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy are limited.

This review concisely summarises the case studies and research on COVID-19 in pregnancy, to date. It also reviews the mechanism of infection with SARS-CoV-2, and its reliance and effects upon the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Overall, the data suggest that infection during pregnancy can be dangerous at any time, but this risk to both the mother and fetus, as well as placental damage, increases during the third trimester. The possibility of vertical transmission, which is explored in this review, remains contentious. However, maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2 can increase risk of miscarriage, preterm birth and stillbirth, which is likely due to damage to the placenta.

在不到 15 个月的时间里，COVID-19 大流行已感染近 1.78 亿人，并夺去了超过 380 万人的生命。这引发了一系列关于 SARS-CoV-2 病毒感染人类的​​机制和影响的研究。然而，研究 COVID-19 对孕妇、胎盘和婴儿的影响的研究仍然有限。此外，关于妊娠期间 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的安全性和有效性的报道也很有限。

本综述简要总结了迄今为止有关妊娠期 COVID-19 的案例研究和研究。它还回顾了 SARS-CoV-2 感染的机制，及其对肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的依赖和影响。总体而言，数据表明，怀孕期间的感染在任何时候都可能是危险的，但这种对母亲和胎儿的风险以及胎盘损伤在妊娠晚期会增加。本综述探讨的垂直传播的可能性仍然存在争议。然而，孕产妇感染 SARS-CoV-2 会增加流产、早产和死产的风险，这可能是由于胎盘受损所致。