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Northeastern mountain ponds as sentinels of change: Current and emerging research and monitoring in the context of shifting chemistry and climate interactions
Atmospheric Environment ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118694
S.J. Nelson 1 , R.A. Hovel 2 , J. Daly 2 , A. Gavin 3 , S. Dykema 4, 5 , W.H. McDowell 6
Affiliation  

Mountain ponds in the northeastern US have undergone acidification and subsequent recovery due to changes in atmospheric deposition, and also reflect physical and biological responses to climate change. These ponds are distinct from other lakes and ponds in the region as they are higher in elevation, relatively small, and have little direct impact from human land use in their watersheds. They are vulnerable to the increases in extreme weather events, overall warming, and shortening of winter that are occurring throughout the northeastern US. We compiled data collected from 1978 to 2019 for mountain ponds >500 m elevation and <60 ha surface area across the northeastern US (Northern Appalachians and Adirondack Mountains). The full dataset includes 257 ponds; 36% of the sites were sampled at sufficient frequency to conduct trend analyses from the 1980s through 2010s. We found widespread, significant declines in sulfate concentrations (95% of sites, ~44% decline) and significantly increasing ANC at 53% of sites (46% of sites-no trend; 1%-significant decrease). Significant declining conductivity at 97% of sites (33% decline) suggested dilution (14.0 μS/cm by the 2010s), and also reflected low chloride concentrations at these sites compared to others in the region affected by road salt contamination. DOC increased significantly in 54% of ponds (45% of sites-no trend; 1%-significant decrease). Increasing DOC has been attributed to both changing sulfate and climate related to increases in precipitation and air temperature. Other changes are occurring in these ponds alongside trends in water chemistry, such as thermal structures shifting as air temperature warms. Zooplankton communities are sensitive to water chemistry parameters associated with acidification recovery, such as DOC, but climate change may complicate transitions back to pre-acidification community composition. Based on this synthesis and a case study that integrates chemical, physical, and biological research, we developed a conceptual model and framework for research and monitoring to support measurements of change in these ecosystems. The findings indicate the importance of eastern mountain ponds in understanding combined impacts of atmospheric deposition and climate change on lake ecosystems and highlight future research directions.



中文翻译:

东北山塘作为变化的哨兵:化学变化和气候相互作用背景下当前和新兴的研究和监测

由于大气沉降的变化,美国东北部的山塘经历了酸化和随后的恢复,也反映了对气候变化的物理和生物反应。这些池塘与该地区的其他湖泊和池塘不同,因为它们海拔较高,相对较小,并且对流域中人类土地利用的直接影响很小。他们很容易受到美国东北部发生的极端天气事件增加、整体变暖和冬季缩短的影响。我们汇编了 1978 年至 2019 年收集的美国东北部(北阿巴拉契亚山脉和阿迪朗达克山脉)海拔 > 500 米和表面积小于 60 公顷的山塘数据。完整数据集包括 257 个池塘;从 1980 年代到 2010 年代,36% 的站点以足够的频率进行采样以进行趋势分析。我们发现硫酸盐浓度普遍显着下降(95% 的地点,下降约 44%),53% 的地点的 ANC 显着增加(46% 的地点 - 无趋势;1% - 显着下降)。97% 的地点的电导率显着下降(下降 33%)表明稀释(到 2010 年代为 14.0 μS/cm),并且还反映了这些地点的氯化物浓度低于受道路盐污染影响的地区的其他地点。54% 的池塘 DOC 显着增加(45% 的地点 - 无趋势;1% - 显着减少)。DOC 的增加归因于硫酸盐的变化和与降水和气温增加相关的气候。随着水化学趋势的发展,这些池塘正在发生其他变化,例如,随着气温升高,热结构会发生变化。浮游动物群落对与酸化恢复相关的水化学参数敏感,例如 DOC,但气候变化可能会使过渡回酸化前群落组成复杂化。基于这种综合和整合化学、物理和生物研究的案例研究,我们开发了一个用于研究和监测的概念模型和框架,以支持对这些生态系统变化的测量。研究结果表明东部山区池塘在理解大气沉降和气候变化对湖泊生态系统的综合影响方面的重要性,并突出了未来的研究方向。浮游动物群落对与酸化恢复相关的水化学参数敏感,例如 DOC,但气候变化可能会使过渡回酸化前群落组成复杂化。基于这种综合和整合化学、物理和生物研究的案例研究,我们开发了一个用于研究和监测的概念模型和框架,以支持对这些生态系统变化的测量。研究结果表明东部山区池塘在理解大气沉降和气候变化对湖泊生态系统的综合影响方面的重要性,并突出了未来的研究方向。浮游动物群落对与酸化恢复相关的水化学参数敏感,例如 DOC,但气候变化可能会使过渡回酸化前群落组成复杂化。基于这种综合和整合化学、物理和生物研究的案例研究,我们开发了一个用于研究和监测的概念模型和框架,以支持对这些生态系统变化的测量。研究结果表明东部山区池塘在理解大气沉降和气候变化对湖泊生态系统的综合影响方面的重要性,并突出了未来的研究方向。和生物研究,我们开发了一个用于研究和监测的概念模型和框架,以支持对这些生态系统变化的测量。研究结果表明东部山区池塘在理解大气沉降和气候变化对湖泊生态系统的综合影响方面的重要性,并突出了未来的研究方向。和生物研究,我们开发了一个用于研究和监测的概念模型和框架,以支持对这些生态系统变化的测量。研究结果表明东部山区池塘在理解大气沉降和气候变化对湖泊生态系统的综合影响方面的重要性,并突出了未来的研究方向。

更新日期:2021-09-07
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