Abstract

This article theorizes equality and inclusion in coproduction, from the perspective of public administrators. Coproduction may occur across the policy cycle and at the individual, group, and collective levels, and for reasons of both instrumentality (such as improved efficiency) and normativity (such as democracy). Participation of the disadvantaged in various modes of coproduction is essential if the solidarity principle (stipulating prioritization of those in greatest need) is to be taken seriously. However, their access may be hindered due to external exclusion (not having a place) and internal exclusion (not having a say). Whether inclusion of the disadvantaged is argued for in terms of sameness or difference, different reasons are addressed: justice (for the former) as well as additional perspectives and resources (for the latter). Policymakers and practitioners need to recognize that strategies of equality are likely to differ at various levels and modes of coproduction.

摘要

本文从公共管理者的角度对合作生产中的平等和包容进行了理论分析。由于工具性（如提高效率）和规范性（如民主）的原因，共同生产可能发生在整个政策周期以及个人、群体和集体层面。如果要认真对待团结原则（规定优先考虑最需要的人），弱势群体参与各种联合生产模式是必不可少的。但是，由于外部排斥（没有位置）和内部排斥（没有发言权），他们的访问可能会受到阻碍。无论是在相同或不同方面主张包容弱势群体，都解决了不同的原因：正义（对于前者）以及额外的观点和资源（对于后者）。