Cerebral ischemia is a common global disease that is characterized by a loss of neurological function and a poor prognosis in many patients. However, only a limited number of treatments are available for this condition at present. Given that the efficacies of these treatments tend to be poor, cerebral ischemia can create a significant burden on patients, families, and society. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation treatment has shown significant potential in animal models of ischemic stroke; however, the specific mechanisms underlying this effect have yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, clinical trials have yet to yield promising results. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify new methods to improve the efficiency of MSC transplantation as an optimal treatment for ischemic stroke. In this review, we provide an overview of recent scientific reports concerning novel strategies that promote MSC transplantation as an effective therapeutic approach, including physical approaches, chemical agents, traditional Chinese medicines and extracts, and genetic modification. Our analyses showed that two key factors need to be considered if we are to improve the efficacy of MSC transplantation treatments: survival ability and homing ability. We also highlight the importance of other significant mechanisms, including the enhanced activation of MSCs to promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and the regulation of permeability in the blood-brain barrier. Further in-depth investigations of the specific mechanisms underlying MSC transplantation treatment will help us to identify effective methods that improve the efficiency of MSC transplantation for ischemic stroke. The development of safer and more effective methods will facilitate the application of MSC transplantation as a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of poststroke brain damage.

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提高间充质干细胞移植治疗缺血性中风效率的策略：近期进展综述

脑缺血是一种常见的全球疾病，其特征是许多患者的神经功能丧失和预后不良。然而，目前只有有限数量的治疗方法可用于这种情况。鉴于这些治疗的疗效往往较差，脑缺血会给患者、家庭和社会带来重大负担。间充质干细胞 (MSC) 移植治疗在缺血性中风动物模型中显示出巨大潜力；然而，这种效应背后的具体机制尚未阐明。此外，临床试验尚未产生有希望的结果。因此，迫切需要确定新方法来提高 MSC 移植作为缺血性中风的最佳治疗方法的效率。在这次审查中，我们概述了最近关于促进 MSC 移植作为有效治疗方法的新策略的科学报告，包括物理方法、化学试剂、中药和提取物以及基因改造。我们的分析表明，如果我们要提高 MSC 移植治疗的疗效，需要考虑两个关键因素：生存能力和归巢能力。我们还强调了其他重要机制的重要性，包括增强 MSC 激活以促进神经发生和血管生成，以及血脑屏障通透性的调节。进一步深入研究 MSC 移植治疗的具体机制将有助于我们确定提高 MSC 移植治疗缺血性卒中效率的有效方法。开发更安全、更有效的方法将促进 MSC 移植作为治疗中风后脑损伤的有前景的辅助疗法的应用。