Abstract

The release of petroleum and petroleum derivatives, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in the environment owing to anthropogenic activities, has become a major global threat to human health and ecological equilibrium. It causes a number of diseases and petroleum hydrocarbon (PH) compounds bind to soil components, making their removal very difficult. In order to find an eco-friendly, convenient, and non-expensive way, indigenous PH degrading microorganisms are employed. Biofilm, being a syntrophic association plays an important role in PAH degradation. The three-dimensional structure of the biofilm matrix is found to facilitate the efficient and rapid degradation of PAH. Various physicochemical parameters of biofilm are found to regulate the efficacy of PAH degradation. In order to amend certain drawbacks of biofilm mediated remediation, these days microbial electrochemical systems are increasingly being used for redressal of PH contamination, where the solid anode functions as an endless electron acceptor and the microbial activity is stimulated by bio-current in situ to guarantee the PH removal from contaminated soil and water. Following uptake of emulsified PH, it may be denatured by biofilm-associated enzymes or by biosurfactant molecules (such as rhamnolipids). The biomolecules synthesized by the bacterial cells further help in the expression of the specific genes thereby helping in the enhancement of PH degradation.

摘要

由于人类活动，石油和石油衍生物如多环芳烃（PAHs）在环境中的释放已成为对人类健康和生态平衡的主要全球威胁。它会导致许多疾病，并且石油烃 (PH) 化合物会与土壤成分结合，使其难以去除。为了找到一种环保、方便、不昂贵的方法，采用本土的 PH 降解微生物。生物膜作为一种共生结合在 PAH 降解中起重要作用。发现生物膜基质的三维结构有助于 PAH 的高效和快速降解。发现生物膜的各种物理化学参数可以调节 PAH 降解的功效。原位保证从受污染的土壤和水中去除 PH。在摄取乳化的 PH 后，它可能会被生物膜相关酶或生物表面活性剂分子（如鼠李糖脂）变性。细菌细胞合成的生物分子进一步有助于特定基因的表达，从而有助于增强 PH 降解。