Photoautotrophic microalgae have become intriguing hosts for recombinant protein production because they offer important advantages of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems. Advanced molecular tools have recently been established for the biotechnologically relevant group of stramenopile microalgae, particularly for several Nannochloropsis species and diatoms. Strategies for the selection of powerful genetic elements and for optimization of protein production have been reported. Much needed high-throughput techniques required for straight-forward identification and selection of the best expression constructs and transformants have become available and are discussed. The first recombinant proteins have already been produced successfully in stramenopile microalgae and include not only several subunit vaccines but also one antimicrobial peptide, a fish growth hormone, and an antibody. These research results offer interesting future applications in aquaculture and as biopharmaceuticals. In this review we highlight recent progress in genetic technology development for recombinant protein production in the most relevant Nannochloropsis species and diatoms. Diverse realistic biotechnological applications of these proteins are emphasized that have the potential to establish stramenopile algae as sustainable green factories for an economically competitive production of high-value biomolecules.

光合自养微藻已成为重组蛋白生产的有趣宿主，因为它们具有原核和真核表达系统的重要优势。先进的分子工具，最近已建立了原生藻微藻生物技术相关的团体，特别是几个球藻物种和硅藻。已经报道了选择强大遗传元件和优化蛋白质生产的策略。直接识别和选择最佳表达构建体和转化体所需的急需的高通量技术已经可用并进行了讨论。第一个重组蛋白已经在原生藻微藻中成功生产，不仅包括几种亚单位疫苗，还包括一种抗菌肽、一种鱼类生长激素和一种抗体。这些研究结果为水产养殖和生物制药提供了有趣的未来应用。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了在最相关的微绿球藻中重组蛋白生产的遗传技术开发的最新进展。物种和硅藻。强调了这些蛋白质的多样化现实生物技术应用，它们有可能将原生藻建立为可持续的绿色工厂，用于高价值生物分子的经济竞争力生产。