Defective wound healing poses a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems. In recent years, a novel reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) based therapy has received considerable attention among dermatologists for targeting chronic wounds. The multifaceted ROS/RNS are generated using gas plasma technology, a partially ionized gas operated at body temperature. This review integrates preclinical and clinical evidence into a set of working hypotheses mainly based on redox processes aiding in elucidating the mechanisms of action and optimizing gas plasmas for therapeutic purposes. These hypotheses include increased wound tissue oxygenation and vascularization, amplified apoptosis of senescent cells, redox signaling, and augmented microbial inactivation. Instead of a dominant role of a single effector, it is proposed that all mechanisms act in concert in gas plasma-stimulated healing, rationalizing the use of this technology in therapy-resistant wounds. Finally, addressable current challenges and future concepts are outlined, which may further promote the clinical utilization, efficacy, and safety of gas plasma technology in wound care in the future.

伤口愈合不良给患者和医疗保健系统带来了巨大的负担。近年来，一种基于活性氧和氮（ROS/RNS）的新型疗法针对慢性伤口引起了皮肤科医生的广泛关注。多面 ROS/RNS 使用气体等离子体技术产生，这是一种在体温下运行的部分电离气体。本综述将临床前和临床证据整合到一组主要基于氧化还原过程的工作假设中，有助于阐明作用机制并优化用于治疗目的的气体等离子体。这些假设包括伤口组织氧合和血管化增加、衰老细胞凋亡增加、氧化还原信号传导和微生物灭活增强。提出所有机制在气体等离子体刺激愈合中协同作用，而不是单一效应器的主导作用，合理化该技术在难治性伤口中的使用。最后，概述了当前可解决的挑战和未来的概念，这可能会进一步促进未来气体等离子体技术在伤口护理中的临床应用、功效和安全性。