This work is focused on integrating nanotechnology with bone tissue engineering (BTE) to fabricate a bilayer scaffold with enhanced biological, physical and mechanical properties, using polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin (Gt) as the base nanofibrous layer, followed by the deposition of a bioactive glass (BG) nanofibrous layer via the electrospinning technique. Electrospun scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Surface area and porosity were evaluated using the nitrogen adsorption method and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Moreover, scaffold swelling rate, degradation rate and in vitro bioactivity were examined in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 14 days. Mechanical properties of the prepared scaffolds were evaluated. Cell cytotoxicity was assessed using MRC-5 cells. Analyses showed successful formation of bead-free uniform fibers and the incorporation of BG nanoparticles within fibers. The bilayer scaffold showed enhanced surface area and total pore volume in comparison to the composite single layer scaffold. Moreover, a hydroxyapatite-like layer with a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.4 was formed after 14 days of immersion in SBF. Furthermore, its swelling and degradation rates were significantly higher than those of pure PCL scaffold. The bilayer’s tensile strength was four times higher than that of PCL/Gt scaffold with greatly enhanced elongation. Cytotoxicity test revealed the bilayer’s biocompatibility. Overall analyses showed that the incorporation of BG within a bilayer scaffold enhances the scaffold’s properties in comparison to those of a composite single layer scaffold, and offers potential avenues for development in the field of BTE.

这项工作的重点是将纳米技术与骨组织工程（BTE）相结合，使用聚己内酯（PCL）和明胶（Gt）作为基础纳米纤维层，制造具有增强生物、物理和机械性能的双层支架，然后沉积通过静电纺丝技术制备生物活性玻璃（BG）纳米纤维层。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱对静电纺丝支架进行表征。使用氮吸附法和压汞孔隙率测定法评估表面积和孔隙率。此外，在模拟体液 (SBF) 中检查支架膨胀率、降解率和体外生物活性长达 14 天。对制备的支架的机械性能进行了评估。使用 MRC-5 细胞评估细胞毒性。分析表明成功形成了无珠均匀纤维，并且 BG 纳米颗粒掺入了纤维内。与复合单层支架相比，双层支架表现出更大的表面积和总孔体积。此外，在SBF中浸泡14天后，形成了Ca/P摩尔比为1.4的类羟基磷灰石层。此外，其溶胀率和降解率显着高于纯PCL支架。该双层的拉伸强度比PCL/Gt支架高四倍，并且伸长率大大提高。细胞毒性测试揭示了双层的生物相容性。总体分析表明，与复合单层支架相比，在双层支架中加入 BG 增强了支架的性能，并为 BTE 领域的发展提供了潜在的途径。