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Nutritional and phytochemical profile of pomegranate (“Wonderful variety”) peel and its effects on hepatic oxidative stress and metabolic alterations
Journal of Food Biochemistry ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-28 , DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13913 Eunice A Akuru 1, 2 , Chika I Chukwuma 3 , Chika E Oyeagu 4 , Ochuko L Erukainure 5 , Boitumelo Mashile 3, 6 , Reaotshepa Setlhodi 3, 6 , Samson S Mashele 3, 6 , Tshepiso J Makhafola 3 , Jeremiah O Unuofin 7 , Taiwo O Abifarin 8 , Thando C Mpendulo 1
Journal of Food Biochemistry ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-28 , DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13913 Eunice A Akuru 1, 2 , Chika I Chukwuma 3 , Chika E Oyeagu 4 , Ochuko L Erukainure 5 , Boitumelo Mashile 3, 6 , Reaotshepa Setlhodi 3, 6 , Samson S Mashele 3, 6 , Tshepiso J Makhafola 3 , Jeremiah O Unuofin 7 , Taiwo O Abifarin 8 , Thando C Mpendulo 1
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The peel of pomegranate fruit contains antioxidant phytochemicals that may potentiate health benefits but remain under-explored. We evaluated the antioxidant, nutritional and phytochemical profiles of the peel of the “Wonderful” variety pomegranate and its influence on oxidative metabolic alterations in hepatic tissue. The peel contained appreciable amounts of some beneficial trace minerals and both essential and non-essential amino acids. Mostly Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids were found. The peel extracts exhibited in vitro radical scavenging and Fe3+ reducing antioxidant activities and dose-dependently prevented oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation increase and GSH depletion in both Chang liver cells (IC50 = 18.0 ± 1.46 and 11.2 ± 0.99 µg/mL, respectively) and isolated rat liver (IC50 = 96.7 ± 3.34 and 19.4 ± 3.36 µg/mL, respectively). The antioxidant effects were comparable to that of ascorbic and correlated with their phenolic profile. HPLC analysis further identified antioxidant phenolic acids (gallic acid, syringic acid ferulic acid p-coumaric acid or trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, etc.). The peel did not cause notable cytotoxicity in liver and kidney cells, which suggest minimal safety concerns. Metabolomics analysis revealed alterations in fatty acid, amino acids, and nucleic acid metabolisms following the induction of oxidative stress. These alterations were improved in the acetone extract-treated tissues, with concomitant activation of vitamin and selonocompound metabolisms. Data suggest that the fruit peel of “Wonderful” pomegranate may be an underutilized source of functional nutrients and antioxidants phenolic acids for optimum body function and mitigation hepatic oxidative damage and metabolic alterations as well as associated diseases.
中文翻译：
石榴（“奇妙品种”）果皮的营养和植物化学特征及其对肝脏氧化应激和代谢改变的影响
石榴果皮含有抗氧化植物化学物质，可能会增强健康益处，但仍未得到充分探索。我们评估了“Wonderful”品种石榴果皮的抗氧化、营养和植物化学特征及其对肝组织氧化代谢改变的影响。果皮含有大量有益的微量矿物质以及必需和非必需氨基酸。主要发现了 Omega 3 和 6 脂肪酸。果皮提取物在体外表现出清除自由基和降低 Fe 3+的抗氧化活性，并且剂量依赖性地阻止了两种 Chang 肝细胞中氧化应激诱导的脂质过氧化增加和 GSH 消耗（IC 50= 18.0 ± 1.46 和 11.2 ± 0.99 µg/mL，分别）和离体大鼠肝脏（IC 50= 96.7 ± 3.34 和 19.4 ± 3.36 µg/mL，分别）。抗氧化作用与抗坏血酸相当，并与它们的酚类成分相关。HPLC分析进一步鉴定了抗氧化剂酚酸（没食子酸、丁香酸、阿魏酸对香豆酸或反式-4-羟基肉桂酸等）。果皮在肝和肾细胞中没有引起明显的细胞毒性，这表明安全问题很小。代谢组学分析揭示了诱导氧化应激后脂肪酸、氨基酸和核酸代谢的变化。这些变化在丙酮提取物处理的组织中得到了改善，同时激活了维生素和硒化合物的代谢。
更新日期：2021-08-28
中文翻译：
石榴（“奇妙品种”）果皮的营养和植物化学特征及其对肝脏氧化应激和代谢改变的影响
石榴果皮含有抗氧化植物化学物质，可能会增强健康益处，但仍未得到充分探索。我们评估了“Wonderful”品种石榴果皮的抗氧化、营养和植物化学特征及其对肝组织氧化代谢改变的影响。果皮含有大量有益的微量矿物质以及必需和非必需氨基酸。主要发现了 Omega 3 和 6 脂肪酸。果皮提取物在体外表现出清除自由基和降低 Fe 3+的抗氧化活性，并且剂量依赖性地阻止了两种 Chang 肝细胞中氧化应激诱导的脂质过氧化增加和 GSH 消耗（IC 50= 18.0 ± 1.46 和 11.2 ± 0.99 µg/mL，分别）和离体大鼠肝脏（IC 50= 96.7 ± 3.34 和 19.4 ± 3.36 µg/mL，分别）。抗氧化作用与抗坏血酸相当，并与它们的酚类成分相关。HPLC分析进一步鉴定了抗氧化剂酚酸（没食子酸、丁香酸、阿魏酸对香豆酸或反式-4-羟基肉桂酸等）。果皮在肝和肾细胞中没有引起明显的细胞毒性，这表明安全问题很小。代谢组学分析揭示了诱导氧化应激后脂肪酸、氨基酸和核酸代谢的变化。这些变化在丙酮提取物处理的组织中得到了改善，同时激活了维生素和硒化合物的代谢。
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