Internalising problems are common within Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); early intervention to support those with emerging signs may be warranted. One promising signal lies in how individual differences in temperament are shaped by parenting. Our longitudinal study of infants with and without an older sibling with ASD investigated how parenting associates with infant behavioural inhibition (8-14 months) and later effortful control (24 months) in relation to 3-year internalising symptoms. Mediation analyses suggest nondirective parenting (8 months) was related to fewer internalising problems through an increase in effortful control. Parenting did not moderate the stable predictive relation of behavioural inhibition on later internalising. We discuss the potential for parenting to strengthen protective factors against internalising in infants from an ASD-enriched cohort.

中文翻译：

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在自闭症丰富的婴儿队列中，婴儿努力控制调解了非指导性养育与内化相关儿童行为之间的关系。

内化问题在自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 中很常见；可能需要早期干预以支持那些出现新迹象的人。一个有希望的信号在于养育如何塑造个体气质差异。我们对有和没有患有 ASD 的哥哥姐姐的婴儿进行纵向研究，调查养育如何与婴儿行为抑制（8-14 个月）和后来的努力控制（24 个月）与 3 年内化症状相关联。调解分析表明，非指导性养育（8 个月）与通过增加努力控制而减少的内化问题有关。养育子女并没有缓和行为抑制对后来内化的稳定预测关系。