Mites of the genus Analges (Acariformes: Analgidae) inhabit the down feathers of passeriform birds. The evolutionary history of Analges and the co-phylogentic relationships between these mites and their hosts are unknown. Our phylogenetic analysis supported the monophyly of the genus, but it did not support previous taxonomic hypotheses subdividing the genus into the subgenera Analges and Analgopsis or arranging some species into the A. chelopus and A. passerinus species groups. Molecular data reveal seven new species inhabiting Eurasian passerines and support the existence of several multi-host species. According to molecular dating, the origin of the Analges (c. 41 Mya) coincided with the Eocene diversification of Passerida into Sylvioidea and Muscicapoidea–Passeroidea. The initial diversification of Analges took place on the Muscicapoidea clade, while remaining passerine superfamilies appear to have been colonized because of host-switching. Co-speciation appears to be relatively common among Analges species and their hosts, but the most striking pattern in the co-phylogenetic scenario involves numerous complete host-switches, spreads and several failures to speciate. The mechanism of long-term gene-flow among different populations of multi-host Analges species is enigmatic and difficult to resolve. Probably, in some cases mites could be transferred between birds via feathers used as nest material.

中文翻译：

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欧洲雀形目羽螨属 Analges (Acariformes: Analgidae) 进化史中的爆炸性辐射、强烈的宿主转移和长期未能形成物种

Analges 属的螨虫（Acariformes：Analgidae）栖息在雀形目鸟类的羽绒中。Analges 的进化史以及这些螨虫与其宿主之间的共系统发育关系尚不清楚。我们的系统发育分析支持该属的单一性，但它不支持以前将该属细分为 Analges 和 Analgopsis 亚属或将某些物种分为 A. chelopus 和 A. passerinus 物种组的分类假设。分子数据揭示了居住在欧亚雀形目中的七种新物种，并支持几种多宿主物种的存在。根据分子测年，Analges (c. 41 Mya) 的起源恰逢始新世将 Passerida 多样化为 Sylvioidea 和 Muscicapoidea-Passeroidea。Analges 的最初多样化发生在 Muscicapoidea 进化枝上，而其余的雀形目超家族似乎由于宿主转换而被殖民。在 Analges 物种及其宿主中，共同物种形成似乎相对普遍，但共同系统发育情景中最引人注目的模式涉及许多完整的宿主转换、传播和几次物种形成失败。多宿主镇痛药不同种群之间长期基因流动的机制是神秘的，难以解决。可能在某些情况下，螨虫可以通过用作筑巢材料的羽毛在鸟类之间转移。传播和几次失败的物种形成。多宿主镇痛药不同种群之间长期基因流动的机制是神秘的，难以解决。可能在某些情况下，螨虫可以通过用作筑巢材料的羽毛在鸟类之间转移。传播和几次失败的物种形成。多宿主镇痛药不同种群之间长期基因流动的机制是神秘的，难以解决。可能在某些情况下，螨虫可以通过用作筑巢材料的羽毛在鸟类之间转移。