A popular way to try to justify holding defendants criminally responsible for inadvertent negligence is via an indirect or “tracing” approach, namely an approach which traces the inadvertence back to prior culpable action. I argue that this indirect approach to criminal negligence fails because it cannot account for a key feature of how criminal negligence should be (and sometimes is) assessed. Specifically, it cannot account for why, when considering whether a defendant is negligent, what counts as a risk should be assessed relative to the defendant's evidence.

中文翻译：

---

为什么过失的刑事责任不能是间接的

试图证明被告对疏忽疏忽负有刑事责任的一种流行方法是通过间接或“追踪”方法，即一种将疏忽追溯到先前有罪的行为的方法。我认为这种对刑事疏忽的间接方法是失败的，因为它无法解释应该（有时是）如何评估刑事疏忽的关键特征。具体来说，它无法解释为什么在考虑被告是否存在疏忽时，应该相对于被告的证据评估什么是风险。