Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was applied to silence VvANR in cv. Zaoheibao grape berries, and the effects of VvANR silencing on berries phenotype; gene expression level of ANS, LAR1, LAR2, and UFGT; enzyme activity of ANS; and accumulations of anthocyanin and flavan-3-ol were investigated. At the third day after treatment, the VvANR silenced grape berries began to turn red slightly, which was 2 days earlier than that of the control group. And the flavan-3-ol content in VvANR-silenced grape berries had been remarkable within 1 to 5 days, the ANR enzyme activity in VvANR-silenced grapes extremely significantly decreased in 3 days, and LAR enzyme activity also decreased, but the difference was not striking. The ANS enzyme activity of the transformed berries was significantly higher than that of the control after 3 days of infection, and it was exceedingly significantly higher than that of the control after 5 to 10 days. The content of anthocyanin in transformed berries increased of a very marked difference within 3 to 15 days. pTRV2-ANR infection resulted in an extremely significant decrease in the expression of VvANR gene, and the expression of VvLAR1, VvLAR2, VvMYBPA1, VvMYBPA2, and VvDFR were also down-regulated. However, the expression of VvANS and VvUFGT was up-regulated significantly. After VvANR silencing via VIGS, VvANR expression in grape berries was extremely significantly decreased, resulting in decreased ANR enzyme activity and flavan-3-ol content; berries turned red and deeper in advance. In addition, VvANR silencing can induce up-regulation of VvANS and VvUFGT expression, significantly increase ANS enzyme activity, and increase of anthocyanin accumulation.

病毒诱导基因沉默 (VIGS) 技术用于沉默cv.VvANR ​​。早黑宝葡萄浆果，以及VvANR​​沉默对浆果表型的影响；ANS、LAR1、LAR2、UFGT基因表达水平；ANS的酶活性；并研究了花青素和flavan-3-ol的积累。治疗后第 3 天，VvANR​​ 沉默的葡萄浆果开始轻微变红，比对照组提前 2 天。VvANR​​ 沉默的葡萄浆果中的黄烷-3-醇含量在1 至 5 天内显着， VvANR​​ 中的 ANR 酶活性- 沉默的葡萄在3天后极显着下降，LAR酶活性也下降，但差异不显着。转化浆果侵染3 d后ANS酶活性显着高于对照，5～10 d后明显高于对照。转化浆果中花青素的含量在3～15天内有非常明显的差异。pTRV2- ANR感染导致VvANR​​基因表达极显着下降，VvLAR1、VvLAR2、VvMYBPA1、VvMYBPA2和VvDFR的表达也下调。然而，VvANS和VvUFGT的表达显着上调。通过VIGS沉默VvANR​​后，葡萄浆果中的VvANR​​表达极显着降低，导致ANR酶活性和flavan-3-ol含量降低；浆果提前变红变深。此外，VvANR​​ 沉默可诱导VvANS和VvUFGT表达上调，显着提高 ANS 酶活性，增加花青素积累。