In this work, we have investigated the chemical and phase composition, surface morphology, structural, microstructural, and optical properties of NiO nanocrystals and thin films which were obtained using the solgel synthesis method and 3D printing technique, respectively. To optimize their structural properties, the samples were annealed at temperatures of 300–550 °C in the ambient atmosphere for 60 min. Then, they were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and low-temperature photoluminescence. Using these methods, we determined the main structural parameters of the films, such as texture, lattice parameters, CSR, and crystallite sizes, as well as the level of microstrains depending on the annealing temperature and time. In addition, the nature of recombination processes, optical quality and features of the energy structure of NiO nanocrystals were also studied. The obtained results show that NiO nanomaterials are promising for application in solar cells and flexible oxide electronics.

在这项工作中，我们分别研究了使用溶胶凝胶合成方法和 3D 打印技术获得的 NiO 纳米晶体和薄膜的化学和相组成、表面形貌、结构、微观结构和光学性质。为了优化它们的结构特性，样品在环境气氛中在 300-550°C 的温度下退火 60 分钟。然后，通过 X 射线衍射、扫描显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和低温光致发光对它们进行了研究。使用这些方法，我们确定了薄膜的主要结构参数，如织构、晶格参数、CSR 和微晶尺寸，以及取决于退火温度和时间的微应变水平。此外，重组过程的性质，还研究了 NiO 纳米晶体的光学性质和能量结构特征。所得结果表明，NiO 纳米材料有望应用于太阳能电池和柔性氧化物电子产品。