Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) monoculture contributes to soil degradation. Intensification of soybean-based sequences through polyculture, cover crops (CC), and crop fertilization can enhance soil physical quality and help mitigate its degradation. We assessed the effect of intensification practices in cropping sequences with soybean predominance on soil physical quality indicators in contrasting soils. Treatments included soybean monoculture with and without phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) fertilization, CC/PS-fertilized soybean, nitrogen (N)-fertilized CC/PS-fertilized soybean and NPS-fertilized crop rotation including wheat, corn, soybean and CC. Four long-term experiments (10 yr) were established in sites with contrasting edaphoclimatic conditions, and initial soil organic carbon (SOC), where we evaluated bulk density (BD) and aggregate stability (AS). The BD was mostly unaffected by treatments, whereas AS responded to intensification practices at all sites, increasing over 50% as compared with soybean monoculture. Differences in BD and AS among sites were mostly explained by soil texture and initial SOC. On the contrary, AS differences among treatments were not driven by texture, but by the soil degradation at the beginning of the experiments (calculated as the ratio between SOC when experiments were established and the SOC of pristine soil). Therefore, regardless of soil texture, more degraded soils responded to a greater extent to intensification practices in soybean-based rotations.

大豆（甘氨酸max (L.) Merr.) 单一栽培导致土壤退化。通过混养、覆盖作物 (CC) 和作物施肥强化基于大豆的序列可以提高土壤物理质量并有助于减轻其退化。我们评估了以大豆为主的种植序列中的集约化做法对对比土壤中土壤物理质量指标的影响。处理包括有和没有磷 (P) 和硫 (S) 施肥的大豆单作、CC/PS 施肥的大豆、氮 (N) 施肥的 CC/PS 施肥的大豆和 NPS 施肥的作物轮作，包括小麦、玉米、大豆和抄送。在具有对比鲜明的土壤气候条件和初始土壤有机碳 (SOC) 的地点建立了四个长期实验 (10 年)，我们在其中评估了堆积密度 (BD) 和团聚体稳定性 (AS)。BD 几乎不受处理的影响，而 AS 对所有地点的集约化做法都有反应，与大豆单一栽培相比增加了 50% 以上。不同地点之间 BD 和 AS 的差异主要由土壤质地和初始 SOC 来解释。相反，处理间的 AS 差异不是由质地驱动的，而是由实验开始时的土壤退化（计算为实验建立时的 SOC 与原始土壤 SOC 之间的比率）。因此，无论土壤质地如何，更多退化的土壤对以大豆为基础的轮作中的集约化做法的反应程度更大。不同地点之间 BD 和 AS 的差异主要由土壤质地和初始 SOC 来解释。相反，处理间的 AS 差异不是由质地驱动的，而是由实验开始时的土壤退化（计算为实验建立时的 SOC 与原始土壤 SOC 之间的比率）。因此，无论土壤质地如何，更多退化的土壤对以大豆为基础的轮作中的集约化做法的反应程度更大。不同地点之间 BD 和 AS 的差异主要由土壤质地和初始 SOC 来解释。相反，处理间的 AS 差异不是由质地驱动的，而是由实验开始时的土壤退化（计算为实验建立时的 SOC 与原始土壤 SOC 之间的比率）。因此，无论土壤质地如何，更多退化的土壤对以大豆为基础的轮作中的集约化做法的反应程度更大。